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Linuxdoc Sgml/Glibc2-HOWTO

Glibc 2 ÇÏ¿ìÅõ

Glibc 2 ÇÏ¿ìÅõ

Eric Green, thrytis@imaxx.net

v1.2, 26 October 1997 ¹ø¿ª: ¸ð¸§
Glibc 2 ÇÏ¿ìÅõ´Â ¸®´ª½º ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ GNU C Library version 2(libc 6)¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ°í »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ´Ù·é´Ù.

1. ¼Ò°³(Introduction)

1.1 glibc 2¶õ?

Glibc 2Àº GNU C LibraryÀÇ ÃֽŠ¹öÀüÀ̸ç, ÇöÀç GNU Hurd ½Ã½ºÅÛ, ¸®´ª½º i386, m68k, and alpha ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ ½ÇÇàµÈ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¸®´ª½º PowerPC, MIPS, Sparc·Î Æ÷ÆÃÀÛ¾÷Àº ÇöÀç °³¹ß ÁßÀÌ´Ù. ¾ÕÀ¸·Î °èȹÀº ´Ù¸¥ architectures¿Í ¿î¿µÃ¼°è¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö¿ø¿©ºÎ¸¦ ÷°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.^^

¸®´ª½º¿¡¼­´Â glibc 2°¡ Linux libc 5ÀÇ ´ÙÀ½ ¹öÀüÀÎ libc major version 6 À¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °úÁ¤Àº Linux libc °³¹ßÀÚµéÀÇ ÀǵµÀ̱⵵ Çß´Ù. ÇöÀç´Â ½ÇÇèÀûÀÌÁö¸¸ glibc 2¿¡ °ü½ÉÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Æò°¡ÇÏ°í »ç¿ëÇϴµ¥¿¡´Â ÃæºÐÈ÷ ¾ÈÁ¤¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ´ç½ÅÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ glibc 2¸¦ Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù¸é ÃֽŠ¹öÀüÀº »ó´çÈ÷ ¾ÈÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù. ¹öÀü 2.1Àº main stream use¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹öÀüÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

glibc 2¿¡¼­ À¯¿ëÇÏ´Â 3°¡Áö Ãß°¡ ¿É¼Ç(optional add-ons)ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

Crypt

UFC-crypt ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÌ´Ù. Export restriction¶§¹®¿¡ ºÐ¸®½ÃÄ×´Ù.

LinuxThreads

An implementation of the Posix 1003.1c "pthread" interface.

Locale data

Contains the data needed to build the locale data files to use the internationalization features of the glibc.

1.2 ÀÌ ¹®¼­¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­

ÀÌ ÇÏ¿ìÅõ ¹®¼­´Â Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¸®´ª½º ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ glibc 2 library¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ´Ù·ê·Á°í ÇÑ´Ù. ÇöÀç libc 5¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â Intel ±â¹ÝÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ »ç¿ëÀÚ¸¦ À§Çؼ­ Àû¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´Ù¸¥ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷À̳ª glibc 1°ú °°Àº º¯°æµÈ ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µµ ÀûÀýÇÑ À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀûÇÕÇÑ ÆÄÀÏÀ̸§°ú architecture À̸§À¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù´Â ÀÛ¾÷¸¸À¸·Î ÀÌ ¹®¼­ÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

ÀÌ ÇÏ¿ìÅõ ¹®¼­ÀÇ ÃֽŠÆÇÀº Linux Documentation Project ÀÇ ÀϺηΠ¾òÀ» ¼ö Àְųª, http://www.imaxx.net/~thrytis/glibc/Glibc2-HOWTO.html À§ À§Ä¡¿¡¼­ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

1.3 ÀÌ ¹®¼­¿¡¼­ ÃÖ±Ù º¯°æµÈ ³»¿ë

¹öÀü 1.1°ú 1.2¿Í ´Ù¸¥ Á¡:

  • Added some information to the Reporting bugs section, and updated bug reporting email and gnats addresses. (Changes by Andreas Jaeger)
  • Updated Credits section.

¹öÀü 1.0°ú 1.1¿Í ´Ù¸¥ Á¡:

  • Updated glibc version to 2.0.5c.
  • Added a reference to the Debian libc5 to libc6 ÇÏ¿ìÅõ and Frodo Looijaard's Installing glibc-2 on Linux document.

2. ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÏÀÚ.

glibc¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº ¸¹Áö ¾Ê´Ù. ´ç½Åµµ ½ÃÇè»ï¾Æ ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Áï ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ¹Ì ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¼­ glibc 2¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÑ ÈÄ, ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ÄÄÆÄÀÏ ÇÒ ¶§, ´Ù¸¥ ¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é »õ·Î¿î ¶óÀ̺귯¸®(glibc 2)¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¹°·Ð ÀÌ·± ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¼³Ä¡ ÈÄ glibc¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ½±´Ù.-- ÁÖÀÇÇÒ °ÍÀº glibc¿Í ¸µÅ·µÇ¾î¼­ ¸¸µé¾îÁø ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº ´õ ÀÌ»ó ½ÇÇàµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.-- glibc¸¦ ½ÇÇè»ï¾Æ »ç¿ëÇÒ·Á¸é ¼Ò½º(source)¸¦ °¡Áö·Î ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¼³Ä¡ ¹æ¹ýÀº ½ÃÇè»ï¾Æ ¼³Ä¡Çϱ⿡¼­ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ¼³¸íÇß´Ù.

¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¼³Ä¡ ¹æ¹ýÀº ÁÖ ¶óÀ̺귯¸®·Î glibc¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇϸé, »õ·Î¿î ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µéÀº ÁÖ·Î glibc¿¡ ¸µÅ·ÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÄÄÆÄÀÏ ½Ã, ´Ù¸¥ ¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é ±¸ ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¿¡ ¸µÅ·½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¹ÙÀ̳ʸ® ÇüÅ·Π¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¶Ç´Â ½º½º·Î ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ ÄÄÆÄÀÏ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ÃÖÀûÈ­ ¿É¼ÇÀ̳ª ±¸¼º ¿É¼ÇÀ» º¯°æ½ÃÅ°°í ½Í°Å³ª ¾Æ´Ï¸é ¹ÙÀ̳ʸ® ÆÐÅ°Áö¿¡¼­ Á¦°øµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â add-onÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á°í ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¼Ò½º ¹èÆ÷ÆÇÀ» ±¸ÇÑ ÈÄ, ÄÄÆÄÀÏ ÇϾßÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¼³Ä¡ °úÁ¤Àº primary C library·Î ¼³Ä¡Çϱ⿡¼­ ¼³¸íÇß´Ù.

Frodo LooijaardÀº glibc¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ýµµ ¼³¸íÇß´Ù. Áï, glibc¸¦ secondary libary·Î ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ°í, glibc¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¼­ ÄÄÆÄÀÏµÇ°Ô cross compiler¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³Ä¡ °úÁ¤Àº ´Ù¼Ò º¹ÀâÇÏÁö¸¸, glibc·Î ¸µÅ·ÇÒ ¶§´Â ½¬¿î ÄÄÆÄÀÏÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.(??) ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº ±×ÀÇ site¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Installing glibc-2 on Linux ¹®¼­¿¡ ¼³¸íµÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù.

¸¸¾à ÇöÀç Debian 1.3À» »ç¿ë ÁßÀÌ°í, glibc¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â µ¥ºñ¾ÈÀÇ unstable version À¸·Î ¾÷±×·¹À̵带 Çϱ⠽ȴٸé, Debian libc5 to libc6 Mini-HOWTO À» Âü°íÇÏ¿©¼­ µ¥ºñ¾È ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ ¾÷±×·¹À̵带 ½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

glibc 2¸¦ Áß¿äÇÑ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ·Á°í ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ÁÖ ¶óÀ̺귯¸®·Î ¼³Ä¡ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó. ½ÃÇè»ï¾Æ ¼³Ä¡Çϰųª, ´õ ÁÁÀº °ÍÀº ¿©À¯ÀÖ´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ¼³Ä¡Çؼ­ Å×½ºÆ®ÇØ º¸¾Æ¶ó. ¼³·É ¹ö±×°¡ ¾ø´ÙÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ¾î¶² ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº ÄÄÆÄÀÏ Çϱâ Àü¿¡ º¯°æµÉ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ Àִµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÇÔ¼öÀÇ prototypes°ú typesÀÌ º¯°æµÇ±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

3. library¸¦ ¾ò±â

glibc 2 ´Â glibc ÆÐÅ°Áö¿Í 3°³ÀÇ Ãß°¡µÈ ¿É¼± ÆÐÅ°Áö(LinuxThreads, Locale, Crypt)·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¼Ò½º´Â ´ÙÀ½ À§Ä¡¿¡¼­ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

¹öÀü 2.0.5cÀº Ãß°¡ÀûÀ¸·Î ÆÐÄ¡°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Â µ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ´ÙÀ½ À§Ä¡¿¡¼­ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/glibc-2.0.5-2.0.5c.diff.gz.

¿ÏÀüÇÑ ÄÄÆÄÀÏ°ú ¼³Ä¡¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ µð½ºÅ© °ø°£Àº ¾à 150 MB°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä ¶óÀ̺귯¸® ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¸ÀÇ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ¹ÙÀ̳ʸ® ¼³Ä¡½Ã¿¡´Â ¾à 50 MB°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.

¹öÀü 2.0.5c¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÙÀ̳ʸ® ÆÐÅ°Áö´Â ±¸ÇÒ¼ö ¾øÁö¸¸, ¹öÀü 2.0.5 ¹ÙÀ̳ʸ® ÆÐÅ°Áö´Â i386, alpha, 68k¿ëÀ¸·Î ¹èÆ÷µÇ¸ç, ´ÙÀ½ À§Ä¡¿¡¼­ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

crypt add-on¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â export restrictionsÀÌ À־, non-US »ç¿ëÀÚ´Â ´ÙÀ½ À§Ä¡¿¡¼­ crypt add-on ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ftp://ftp.ifi.uio.no/pub/gnu.

Red Hat ¹èÆ÷ÆÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº glibc 2¿ë rpmÀ» ´ÙÀ½ À§Ä¡¿¡¼­ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/tbird/RedHat/RPMS/ ½Å º£ÆÄ ¹èÆ÷ÆÇÀÎ Red Hat 4.8Àº glibc 2°¡ ÁÖ C ¶óÀ̺귯¸®·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù.

µ¥ºñ¾È ¹èÆ÷ÆÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº glibc 2ÀÇ ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ ´ÙÀ½ À§Ä¡¿¡¼­ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian/unstable/binary-i386/devel/, ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian/unstable/binary-m68k/devel/, ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian/unstable/binary-alpha/devel/. ÆÄÀÏÀº libc6À¸·Î À̸§ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. Glibc 2´Â µ¥ºñ¾ÈÀÇ hamm ¹öÀü¿¡¼­´Â ±âº» ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÇ ÀϺÎÀ̸ç, µ¥ºñ¾È 2.0ºÎÅÍ´Â ÁÖ libc°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

4. ½ÃÇè»ï¾Æ ¼³Ä¡Çϱâ

Glibc 2¸¦ ½ÃÇè»ï¾Æ ¼³Ä¡Çϸé, ÄÄÆÄÀÏ ÇÒ ¶§¿¡ Ưº°ÇÑ º¯¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© glibc 2¿¡ ¸µÅ·½ÃÅ°Áö ¾Ê´ÂÇÑ ÀÌ¹Ì ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¿¡ ¸µÅ·ÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ¼³Ä¡ µð·ºÅ丮 À§Ä¡(path)°¡ ¸î ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÄÄÆÄÀϵǹǷΠ, ¼Ò½º·Î ºÎÅÍ ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ ¼³Ä¡Çؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.

4.1 ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇϱâ¿Í ¼³Ä¡Çϱâ

ÀüÁ¦ Á¶°Ç

  • About 150 MB free disk space
  • GNU make 3.75
  • gcc >= 2.7.2 (better 2.7.2.1)
  • binutils 2.8.1 (for alpha you need a snapshot)
  • bash-2.0
  • autoconf-2.12 (if you change configure.in)

RAM 64 MBÀÎ i586@133 ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡¼­ Ãß°¡ ¶óÀ̺귯¸®(add-ons)Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ Àüü ¶óÀ̺귯¸® ¸¦ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇϴµ¥ ¼Ò¿ä ½Ã°£Àº ¾à 3½Ã°£À̸ç, i686@2¿¡ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â ¾à 1½Ã°£ 30ºÐ Á¤µµ °É·È´Ù.

¼Ò½º¸¦ ÃßÃâÇϱâ

¼Ò½º ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â Archives¿¡¼­ ¼Ò½º ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÃßÃâÇؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù:

 tar xzf glibc-2.0.5.tar.gz
 cd glibc-2.0.5
 cat ../glibc-2.0.5-2.0.5c.diff.gz | gzip -d | patch -p0
 tar xzf ../glibc-linuxthreads-2.0.5.tar.gz
 tar xzf ../glibc-crypt-2.0.5.tar.gz
 tar xzf ../glibc-localedata-2.0.5.tar.gz
 
À§ÀÇ ¹æ¹ýó·³ Çϸé, glibc-2.0.5 µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ linuxthreads, crypt, localeddata µð·ºÅ丮°¡ »ý¼ºµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇؾßÁö¸¸ configure°¡ Ãß°¡µÈ ¶óÀ̺귯¸® µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

Configure¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϱâ

glibc-2.0.5 µð·ºÅ丮¿¡¼­ "compile"À̶õ µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ¸¸µé°í, cd·Î 'compile' µð·ºÅ丮·Î ¿Â´Ù. ¸ðµç ÀÛ¾÷Àº ÀÌ compile µð·ºÅ丮¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù.

 mkdir compile
 cd compile
 

À§ÀÇ °úÁ¤À» ¸¶ÃÆÀ¸¸é, '../configure'À» ½ÇÇà½ÃÅ°¸é µÈ´Ù. Ãß°¡ ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ½ÍÀ¸¸é, Ãß°¡ ÆÐÅ°Áö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿É¼Ç(--enable-add-ons <¿¹> --enable-add-ons=linuxthreads,crypt,localedata)À» Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¶Ç ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ°í ½ÍÀº µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. º¸Åë ¼³Ä¡ µð·ºÅ丮·Î '/usr/i486-linuxglibc2'À» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº configure lineÀÇ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù:

 ../configure --enable-add-ons=linuxthreads,crypt,localedata --prefix=/usr/i486-linuxglibc2
 

ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇϱâ¿Í ¼³Ä¡Çϱâ

ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏ°í Á¦´ë·Î µÇ¾ú´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â ÀýÂ÷´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇÑ´Ù:

 make
 make check
 

'make check'°¡ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ³¡³µÀ¸¸é, ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù:

 make install
 

4.2 µ¿Àû·Î´õ(dynamic loader)¸¦ ¾÷±×·¹À̵åÇÏÀÚ.

  1. ¸¸µé¾îÁø ld.so¸¦ /lib/ld-linux.so.2·Î ¸µÅ·½ÃŲ´Ù:
     ln -s /usr/i486-linuxglibc2/lib/ld-linux.so.2 /lib/ld-linux.so.2
     
    
    This is the only library where the location is fixed once a program is linked, and using a link in /lib will ease upgrading to glibc as your primary C library when the stable version is released.
  2. /etc/ld.so.conf ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÆíÁýÇÑ´Ù. ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· ¶óÀο¡ »õ·Ó°Ô ¸¸µé¾îÁø ¶óÀ̺귯¸® µð·ºÅ丮ÀÇ °æ·Î¸í(path)¸¦ ÀûÀ¸¸é µÈ´Ù. Áï ¿ì¸®°¡ ¼³Ä¡Çß´ø °æ¿ì¿¡´Â '/usr/i486-linuxglibc2/lib'À» ÀûÀ¸¸é µÈ´Ù. (ÁÖÀÇ »çÇ× : 'Àº Àû´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ô.^^) /etc/ld.so.conf ÆÄÀÏÀ» º¯°æÇßÀ¸¸é, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ½ÇÇàÇØ º¸¶ó.
     ldconfig -v
     
    

4.3 gcc¸¦ configureÇϱâ

¼³Ä¡ÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· ´Ü°è°¡ /usr/lib/gcc-lib¸¦ ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®(update)ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ÇؾßÁö¸¸ gcc°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô »õ·Î¿î ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒÁö¸¦ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¼± ÀÖ´Â configurationÆÄÀÏÀ» º¹»çÇÑ´Ù. ÇöÀç configurationÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ¾Ë±â À§Çؼ­´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù:

 % gcc -v
 Reading specs from /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i486-unknown-linux/2.7.2.2/specs
 gcc version 2.7.2.2
 
ÀÌ °æ¿ì´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ i486-unknown-linux, 2.7.2.2°¡ ¹öÀüÀÌ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÇؾßÇÒ ÀÏÀº /usr/lib/gcc-lib/<system> À» »õ·Î¿î Å×½ºÆ® ½Ã½ºÅÛ µð·ºÅ丮·Î º¹»çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù: º¹»çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.:
 cd /usr/lib/gcc-lib/
 cp -r i486-unknown-linux i486-linuxglibc2
 
±× ´ÙÀ½ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Ç϶ó.
 cd /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i486-linuxglibc2/2.7.2.2
 
ÀÌ µð·ºÅ丮¿¡¼­ 'specs'ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÆíÁýÇÑ´Ù. Áï specs ÆÄÀϳ»¿¡ /lib/ld-linux.so.1À» /lib/ld-linux.so.2·Î ¹Ù²Û´Ù. ¶Ç %{...:-lgmon} °¡ µé¾î°£ ¸ðµç ¹®ÀåÀ» Áö¿ö¶ó. ¿Ö³Ä¸é glibc´Â profileÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ gmon ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. »ùÇà specs ÆÄÀÏÀº »ùÇà specs ÆÄÀÏ´Ü¿ø ¿¡¼­ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

4.4 Çì´õ ÆÄÀÏ ¸µÅ©¸¦ ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®Çϱâ.

Çì´õ ÆÄÀÏ ¸µÅ©´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇÑ´Ù:

 cd /usr/i486-linuxglibc2/include
 ln -s /usr/src/linux/include/linux
 ln -s /usr/src/linux/include/asm
 ln -s /usr/X11R6/include/X11
 
You might also have other libraries such as ncurses which need their header files put in this directory. You should copy or link the files from /usr/include. (Some libraries may need to be recompiled with glibc2 in order to work with it. In these cases, just compile and install the package to /usr/i486-linuxglibc2.)

4.5 ¼³Ä¡µÈ°ÍÀ» Å×½ºÆ®Çϱâ

¿ì¼± ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ÆÄÀÏ(glibc.c)¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù:

 #include <stdio.h>

 main()
 {
     printf("hello world!\n");
 }
 
±×¸®°í ¿É¼Ç"-b <base install directory> -nostdinc -I<install directory>/include -I/usr/lib/gcc-lib/<new system dir>/<gcc version>/include" À» °¡Áö°í ÄÄÆÄÀÏ ÇÑ´Ù.
 % gcc -b i486-linuxglibc2 -nostdinc -I/usr/i486-linuxglibc2/include -I/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i486-linuxglibc2/2.7.2.2/include glibc.c -o glibc
 
ldd¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿©¼­ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ glibc2¿¡ ¸µÅ©µÇ¾ú´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇغ»´Ù:
 % ldd glibc
 libc.so.6 => /usr/i486-linuxglibc2/lib/libc-2.0.5.so (0x4000d000)
 /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000)
 
ÄÄÆÄÀÏÀÌ µÇ°í, ¸µÅ© °úÁ¤µµ Á¤»óÀ̸ç, ½ÇÇà½Ã "hello world!" °¡ Ãâ·ÂÀÌ µÈ´Ù¸é, ¼³Ä¡´Â ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ³¡³­ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (ÃàÇÏ....^^)

5. Primary C library·Î ¼³Ä¡Çϱâ

Glibc 2¸¦ ÁÖ C ¶óÀ̺ê·Î¸®·Î ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼³¸íÇÏ°Ú´Ù. ÁÖ C ¶óÀ̺귯¸®·Î ¼³Ä¡ ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏ´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» glibc·Î ¸µÅ©µÇ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹°·Ð, ´Ù¸¥ ¹öÀü¿¡ ¸µÅ©½Ãų·Á¸é ÄÄÆÄÀÏ ¿É¼ÇÀ» Ãß°¡½ÃÄѼ­ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.

¸¸¾à ´ç½ÅÀÌ ·¹µåÇòÀ̳ª µ¥ºñ¾ÈÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀûÀýÇÑ rpm ÆÄÀÏÀ̳ª deb ÆÄÀÏÀ» ´Ù¿îÇß¾ú´Ù¸é, ·¹µåÇòÀ̳ª µ¥ºñ¾ÈÀÇ ¼³Ä¡ ¾È³»¸¦ ÀÐ¾î º¸¾Æ¶ó. ±×·¯¸é, ¿©±âÀÖ´Â ³»¿ëÀ» ÀÐÁö ¾Ê¾Æµµ µÈ´Ù.

5.1 ¼Ò½º·ÎºÎÅÍ ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ ¼³Ä¡Çϱâ

¿©±â¿¡¼­´Â ¼Ò½º·ÎºÎÅÍ glibc 2¿Í add-ons¸¦ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼³¸íÇÏ·Á°í ÇÑ´Ù. ÃÖÀûÈ­ ¿É¼ÇÀ̳ª ±¸¼º ¿É¼ÇÀ» º¯°æÇÏ°í ½Í°Å³ª ¹ÙÀ̳ʸ®¿¡ ¾ø´Â ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á°í ÇÒ ¶§ ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

ÀüÁ¦ Á¶°Ç

  • About 150 MB free disk space
  • GNU make 3.75
  • gcc >= 2.7.2 (better 2.7.2.1)
  • binutils 2.8.1 (for alpha you need a snapshot)
  • bash-2.0
  • autoconf-2.12 (if you change configure.in)

RAM 64 MBÀÎ i586@133 ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡¼­ Ãß°¡ ¶óÀ̺귯¸®(add-ons)Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ Àüü ¶óÀ̺귯¸® ¸¦ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇϴµ¥ ¼Ò¿ä ½Ã°£Àº ¾à 3½Ã°£À̸ç, i686@2¿¡ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â ¾à 1½Ã°£ 30ºÐ Á¤µµ °É·È´Ù.

¼Ò½º¸¦ ÃßÃâÇϱâ

¼Ò½º ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â Archives¿¡¼­ ¼Ò½º ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÃßÃâÇؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù:

 tar xzf glibc-2.0.5.tar.gz
 cd glibc-2.0.5
 cat ../glibc-2.0.5-2.0.5c.diff.gz | gzip -d | patch -p0
 tar xzf ../glibc-linuxthreads-2.0.5.tar.gz
 tar xzf ../glibc-crypt-2.0.5.tar.gz
 tar xzf ../glibc-localedata-2.0.5.tar.gz
 
À§ÀÇ ¹æ¹ýó·³ Çϸé, glibc-2.0.5 µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ linuxthreads, crypt, localeddata µð·ºÅ丮°¡ »ý¼ºµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇؾßÁö¸¸ configure°¡ Ãß°¡µÈ ¶óÀ̺귯¸® µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

Configure¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϱâ

glibc-2.0.5 µð·ºÅ丮¿¡¼­ "compile"À̶õ µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ¸¸µé°í, cd·Î 'compile' µð·ºÅ丮·Î ¿Â´Ù. ¸ðµç ÀÛ¾÷Àº ÀÌ compile µð·ºÅ丮¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù.

mkdir compile
cd compile

À§ÀÇ °úÁ¤À» ¸¶ÃÆÀ¸¸é, '../configure'À» ½ÇÇà½ÃÅ°¸é µÈ´Ù. Ãß°¡ ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ½ÍÀ¸¸é, Ãß°¡ ÆÐÅ°Áö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿É¼Ç(--enable-add-ons <¿¹> --enable-add-ons=linuxthreads,crypt,localedata)À» Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¶Ç ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ°í ½ÍÀº µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. º¸Åë ¼³Ä¡ µð·ºÅ丮·Î '--prefix=/usr'À» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº configure lineÀÇ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù:

 ../configure --enable-add-ons=linuxthreads,crypt,localedata --prefix=/usr

ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇϱâ

ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏ°í Á¦´ë·Î µÇ¾ú´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â ÀýÂ÷´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇÑ´Ù:

 make
 make check
 

5.2 ¼³Ä¡Çϱâ À§ÇÑ Áغñ ÀÛ¾÷Çϱâ

¼Ò½º·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼³Ä¡Çßµç, ¹ÙÀ̳ʸ® ÆÄÀÏ·Î ¼³Ä¡Çßµç glibc 2¶óÀ̺귯¸® ¼³Ä¡ ÁغñÇϱâ À§Çؼ± ¾î¶² ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¿Å±æ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ÄÄÆÄÀÏ ÇÒ »õ·Î¿î ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» glibc¿¡ ¸µÅ©½ÃÅ°°í, Á¤ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸µÅ©µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ±¸ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ libc 5¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ ÇÏ°Ô ÇϱâÀ§Çؼ­ÀÌ´Ù. °í·Î ±¸ ¹öÀü¿¡ µ¤¾î ¾²Áö ¾Ê¾Æ¾ßÇÑ´Ù.

  1. ±¸ ÆÄÀÏ(libc 5)À» ÀúÀåÇÒ »õ·Î¿î µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù:
     mkdir -p /usr/i486-linuxlibc5/lib
     
    
  2. ±¸(libc 5¿ë) Çì´õ ÆÄÀÏÀ» /usr/include ¿¡¼­ ´Ù¸¥ µð·ºÅ丮·Î ¿Å±ä´Ù:
     mv /usr/include /usr/i486-linuxlibc5/include
     
    
  3. »õ·Î¿î(glibc 2¿ë) include µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ¸¸µé°í, ´Ù¸¥ include¿¡ ¸µÅ©½ÃŲ´Ù:
     mkdir /usr/include
    
     ln -s /usr/src/linux/include/linux /usr/include/linux
     ln -s /usr/src/linux/include/asm /usr/include/asm
     ln -s /usr/X11R6/include/X11 /usr/include/X11
     ln -s /usr/lib/g++-include /usr/include/g++
     
    
    ¸µÅ©´Â ¹èÆ÷ÆÇ¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ ¾à°£ ´Ù¸¦¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Àû¾îµµ ½½·º¿þ¾îÀÇ °æ¿ì /usr/local/g++-include¿¡ g++ Çì´õÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ°í, ¹Ý¸é¿¡ µ¥ºñ¾È ÆÐÅ°Áö °æ¿ì /usr/include/g++¿¡ g++Çì´õÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ°í, /usr/lib/g++-include´Â /usr/include/g++ ¿¡ ¸µÅ©µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÈÄÀÚÀÇ °æ¿ì, ¾Æ¸¶ ´ç½ÅÀº ¿ø·¡ g++ include µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ /usr/include¿¡ ¿Å±â±æ ¿øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
  4. ´Ù¸¥ Çì´õ ÆÄÀÏÀ» º¹¿øÇÏ°í ¸µÅ©ÇÑ´Ù. ¾î¶² ºñÇ¥ÁØ ¶óÀ̺귯¸®°æ¿ì, ¿¹·Î ncureses, /usr/include¿¡ Çì´õÆÄÀÏÀ» ³õ°Å³ª /usr/include ¹Ø¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±×µéÀÇ include µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ¸µÅ©¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÄÀϵéÀ̳ª ¸µÅ©´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ ÀûÀýÈ÷ »ç¿ëµÉ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô º¹¿øÀ» ÇØ µÑ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
  5. /etc/ld.so.confÆÄÀÏ ¸ÇÀ§¿¡ glibc 2¿ë ¶óÀ̺귯¸® µð·ºÅ丮(¿¹, / usr/i486-linuxlibr/lib)¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù. glibc¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÒ ¶§ ÀÌ»óÇÑ ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ ÇÇÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ld.so-1.8.8ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¹öÀüÀ» ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
  6. ±¸ C ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ »õ·Î¿î µð·ºÅ丮(/usr/i486-linuxlibc5/lib)·Î ¿Å±â°Å³ª º¹»çÇÑ´Ù.
     mv /usr/lib/libbsd.a /usr/i486-linuxlibc5/lib
     mv /usr/lib/libc.a /usr/i486-linuxlibc5/lib
     mv /usr/lib/libgmon.a /usr/i486-linuxlibc5/lib
     mv /usr/lib/libm.a /usr/i486-linuxlibc5/lib
     mv /usr/lib/libmcheck.a /usr/i486-linuxlibc5/lib
     mv /usr/lib/libc.so /usr/i486-linuxlibc5/lib
     mv /usr/lib/libm.so /usr/i486-linuxlibc5/lib
     cp /lib/libm.so.5.* /usr/i486-linuxlibc5/lib
     cp /lib/libc.so.5.* /usr/i486-linuxlibc5/lib
     
    
    ¸¸¾à /usrÀÌ /¿Í ´Ù¸¥ ÆÄƼ¼Ç¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, libm.so.5¿Í libc.so.5´Â move°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ º¹»çµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¸®´ª½º¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇϴµ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ libm.so.5¿Í libc.so.5¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱ⶧¹®ÀÌ°í À̰͵éÀº ·çÆ® µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.
  7. /usr/lib/*.o ÆÙÀÏÀ» »õ·Î¿î µð·ºÅ丮·Î ¿Å±ä´Ù.
     mv /usr/lib/crt1.o /usr/i486-linuxlibc5/lib
     mv /usr/lib/crti.o /usr/i486-linuxlibc5/lib
     mv /usr/lib/crtn.o /usr/i486-linuxlibc5/lib
     mv /usr/lib/gcrt1.o /usr/i486-linuxlibc5/lib
     
    
  8. ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ ¿Å°åÀ¸¸é ¶óÀ̺귯¸® cache¸¦ ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®ÇÑ´Ù.
     ldconfig -v
     
    

5.3 ¹ÙÀ̳ʸ® ÆÐÅ°Áö·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼³Ä¡Çϱâ

¹Ì¸® ÄÄÆÄÀÏµÈ ¹ÙÀ̳ʸ®·ÎºÎÅÍ glibc¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ°íÀÚ Çϸé, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇÑ´Ù:

 cd /
 gzip -dc glibc-2.0.bin.i386.tar.gz | tar tvvf -
 gzip -dc glibc-crypt-2.0.bin.i386.tar.gz | tar tvvf -
 ldconfig -v
 
´Ù¸¥ architecture³ª ´Ù¸¥ ¹öÀüÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ÀûÀýÇÑ ÆÄÀÏ À̸§À¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù¸é µÈ´Ù.

5.4 ¼Ò½º·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼³Ä¡Çϱâ

¼Ò½º·ÎºÎÅÍ ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ·Á¸é, ´ÙÀ½À» ½ÇÇàÇ϶ó:

 make install
 ldconfig -v
 

5.5 gcc specs À» ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®Çϱâ

¹ÙÀ̳ʸ®·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼³Ä¡ÀÌµç ¼Ò½º·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏµç ¸¶Áö¸· ´Ü°è´Â gcc specs ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¡¾ß¸¸ ´ç½Å ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ°Ô ¸µÅ©µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. gcc°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â specs ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ³»±â À§Çؼ­´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇÑ´Ù:

 % gcc -v
 reading specs from /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i486-unknown-linux/2.7.2.2/specs
 gcc version 2.7.2.2
 

ÀÌ °æ¿ì´Â i486-unknown-linux ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ°í ¹öÀüÀÌ 2.7.2.2ÀÌ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÇؾßÇÒ ÀÏÀº /usr/lib/gcc-lib/<system>À» ±¸ ½Ã½ºÅÛ µð·ºÅ丮·Î º¹»çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù:

 cd /usr/lib/gcc-lib/
 cp -r i486-unknown-linux i486-linuxlibc5
 

±× ´ÙÀ½ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Ç϶ó.

 cd /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i486-unknown-linux/2.7.2.2
 

ÀÌ µð·ºÅ丮¿¡¼­ 'specs'ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÆíÁýÇÑ´Ù. Áï specs ÆÄÀϳ»¿¡ /lib/ld-linux.so.1À» /lib/ld-linux.so.2·Î ¹Ù²Û´Ù. ¶Ç %{...:-lgmon} °¡ µé¾î°£ ¸ðµç ¹®ÀåÀ» Áö¿ö¶ó. ¿Ö³Ä¸é glibc´Â profileÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ gmon ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. »ùÇà specs ÆÄÀÏÀº »ùÇà specs ÆÄÀÏ´Ü¿ø¿¡¼­ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

5.6 ¼³Ä¡µÈ°ÍÀ» Å×½ºÆ®Çϱâ

¿ì¼± ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ÆÄÀÏ(glibc.c)¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù:

 #include <stdio.h>

 main()
 {
     printf("hello world!\n");
 }
 
±×¸®°í ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÑ´Ù.
 % gcc glibc.c -o glibc
 
ldd¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿©¼­ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ glibc2¿¡ ¸µÅ©µÇ¾ú´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇغ»´Ù:
 % ldd glibc
 libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x4000e000)
 /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000)
 
ÄÄÆÄÀÏÀÌ µÇ°í, ¸µÅ© °úÁ¤µµ Á¤»óÀ̸ç, ½ÇÇà½Ã "hello world!" °¡ Ãâ·ÂÀÌ µÈ´Ù¸é, ¼³Ä¡´Â ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ³¡³­ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (ÃàÇÏ....^^)

6. non-primary libc·Î ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇϱâ

ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ÄÄÆÄÀÏ ÇÏ´Ù º¸¸é, ´Ù¸¥ ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ½ÍÀº ¶§°¡ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ´Ü¿ø¿¡¼­´Â ¾î¶»°Ô ÇÏ¸é ´Ù¸¥ ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¼± ±â¾ïÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀº ¾ÕÀÇ µÎ ´Ü¿ø¿¡¼­ ¿¹·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´ø µð·ºÅ丮 À̸§°ú ¼³Ä¡ À̸§À» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Remember to change the names to fit your setup.

6.1 non-primary libcs »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§ °æ°í

½Ã½ºÅÛ ºÎÆà °úÁ¤¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ÄÄÆÄÀÏ ÇÒ ¶§ ±â¾ïÇÒ °ÍÀº, ±× ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» µ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸µÅ©ÇÏ°í non-root ÆÄƼ¼ÇÀÌ ¸¶¿îÆ®µÇ±â ÀÌÀü¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¸ðµç ¸µÅ©µÇ´Â ¶óÀ̺귯¸®´Â root ÆÄƼ¼Ç¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. glibc¸¦ ÁÖ C ¶óÀ̺귯¸®·Î ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤(¾Õ ´Ü¿ø)À» Çß´Ù¸é, ±¸ libc´Â /lib¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. /lib´Â root ÆÄƼ¼Ç¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¾ßÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¸ðµç ´ç½Å ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ºÎÆÃÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È¿¡´Â ÀÛµ¿ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ¸¸¾à /usrÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ÆÄƼ¼Ç¿¡ ÀÖ°í, glibc¸¦ /usr/i486-linuxglibc2¿¡ ¿¬½À¿ëÀ¸·Î ¼³Ä¡Çß´Ù¸é, glibc¿Í ÇÔ²² ÄÄÆÄÀÏµÈ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µéÀº /usr ÆÄƼ¼ÇÀÌ ¸¶¿îÆ®µÇ±â ÀÌÀü±îÁö´Â ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

6.2 ¿¬½À¿ë glibc¿Í ÇÔ²² ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇϱâ.

¿¬½À¿ë glibc¿Í ÇÔ²² ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇϱâÀ§Çؼ± glibc include¿¡ include path ¸¦ ´Ù½Ã ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

Specifying "-nostdinc" will negate the normal paths, and "-I/usr/i486-linuxglibc2/include" will point to the glibc includes. You will also need to specify the gcc includes, which are found in /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i486-linuxglibc2/2.7.2.2/include (assuming you installed the test lib in i486-linuxglibc2 with gcc version 2.7.2.2).

To link a program with a test-install glibc, you need to specify the gcc setup. This is done by using the option "-b i486-linuxglibc2".

For most programs, you can specify these new options by adding them to the CFLAGS and LDFLAGS makefile options:

 CFLAGS = -nostdinc -I/usr/i486-linuxglibc2/include -I/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i486-linuxglibc2/2.7.2.2/include -b i486-linuxglibc2
 LDFLAGS = -b i486-linuxglibc2
 
If you are using a configure script, define the CFLAGS and LDFLAGS shell variables (by using env/setenv for csh/tcsh, or set/export for sh/bash/etc) before running configure. The makefiles generated by this should contain the proper CFLAGS and LDFLAGS. Not all configure scripts will pick up the variables, so you should check after running configure and edit the makefiles by hand if necessary.

If the programs you are compiling only call gcc (and not cpp or binutils directly), you can use the following script to save having to specify all of the options each time:

 #!/bin/bash
 /usr/bin/gcc -b i486-linuxglibc2 -nostdinc \
              -I/usr/i486-linuxglibc2/include \
              -I/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i486-linuxglibc2/2.7.2.2/include "$@"
 
You can then use this script instead of "gcc" when compiling.

6.3 Compiling programs with libc 5 when glibc is primary library

To compile a program with your old libraries when you have installed glibc as your main library, you need to reset the include paths to the old includes. Specifying "-nostdinc" will negate the normal paths, and "-I/usr/i486-linuxlibc5/include" will point to the glibc includes. You must also specify "-I/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i486-linuxlibc5/2.7.2.2/include" to include the gcc specific includes. Remember to adjust these paths based on the what you named the new directories and your gcc version.

To link a program with your old libc, you need to specify the gcc setup. This is done by using the option "-b i486-linuxlibc5".

For most programs, you can specify these new options by appending them to the CFLAGS and LDFLAGS makefile options:

 CFLAGS = -nostdinc -I/usr/i486-linuxlibc5/include -I/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i486-linuxlibc5/2.7.2.2/include -b i486-linuxlibc5
 LDFLAGS = -b i486-linuxlibc5
 
If you are using a configure script, define the CFLAGS and LDFLAGS shell variables (by using env/setenv for csh/tcsh, or set/export for sh/bash/etc) before running configure. The makefiles generated by this should contain the proper CFLAGS and LDFLAGS. Not all configure scripts will pick up the variables, so you should check after running configure and edit the makefiles by hand if necessary.

If the programs you are compiling only call gcc (and not cpp or binutils directly), you can use the following script to save having to specify all of the options each time:

 #!/bin/bash
 /usr/bin/gcc -b i486-linuxlibc5 -nostdinc \
              -I/usr/i486-linuxlibc5/include \
              -I/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i486-linuxlibc5/2.7.2.2/include "$@"
 
You can then use this script instead of "gcc" when compiling.

7. C++ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇϱâ

libg++´Â ¼öÇÐ ¶óÀ̺귯¸®ÀÇ ÀϺθ¦ »ç¿ëÇϹǷΠlibmÀ» ¸µÅ©½ÃÄѾßÇÑ´Ù. ±âÁ¸ÀÇ libg++´Â ±¸ ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¿Í ÇÔ²² ÄÄÆĵǾú±â¶§¹®¿¡, glibc¿Í ´Ù½Ã ÄÄÆÄÀÏ Çϰųª ¾Æ´Ï¸é ¹ÙÀ̳ʸ®¸¦ ¾ò¾î¾ßÇÑ´Ù. glibc¿¡ ¸µÅ©µÈ ¹ÙÀ̳ʸ® libg++´Â ´ÙÀ½ À§Ä¡¿¡¼­ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ftp://ftp.yggdrasil.com/private/hjl/.

7.1 ¿¬½À¿ë glibc ¼³Ä¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ ´ëÇÑ libg++¼³Ä¡Çϱâ

¿¬½À¿ëÀ¸·Î glibc¸¦ ¼³Ä¡Çß´Ù¸é, libg++ÆÄÀÏÀ» glibc°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾ú´ø µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ¼³Ä¡ÇؾßÇÑ´Ù. (¾ÕÀÇ ´Ü¿ø´ë·Î Çß´Ù¸é, /usr/i486-linuxglibc2¿¡ libg++ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¼³Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù.) ¹ÙÀ̳ʸ® ÆÐÅ°Áö·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, Àӽà µð·ºÅ丮¿¡¼­ ÆÄÀϳ»¿ëÀ» ÃßÃâÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ usr/lib/ÆÄÀϵéÀ» <install directory>/lib/ µð·ºÅ丮·Î ¿Å±â°í, usr/include/ÆÄÀϵéÀ» <install directory>/include/ µð·ºÅ丮·Î ¿Å±ä´Ù. (ÁÖÀÇ »çÇ×: include/g++ ¸µÅ©¸¦ ¸ÕÀú Áö¿ö¶ó), ±×¸®°í usr/bin/ÆÄÀÏÀ» <install directory>/bin/ µð·ºÅ丮·Î ¿Å±ä´Ù.

7.2 ÁÖ glibc ¼³Ä¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ ´ëÇÑ libg++ ¼³Ä¡Çϱâ

ÁÖ ¶óÀ̺귯¸®·Î glibc¸¦ ¼³Ä¡Çß´Ù¸é, ¸ÕÀú ±¸ libg++ ÆÄÀϵéÀ» ±¸ libc µð·ºÅ丮·Î ¿Å°Ü¶ó. (g++ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ±¸ libc ¿Í ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é,...) ÀÌ°ÍÀ» Çϴµ¥ °¡Àå ½¬¿î ¹æ¹ýÀº libc 5·Î ÄÄÆÄÀÏµÈ libg++ÀÇ »õ·Î¿î º¹»çÆÇÀ» ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ°í(¾ÕÀÇ ´Ü¿ø¿¡¼­ ¼³¸íÇß´Ù), Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î glibc ¹öÀüÀ» ¼³Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù.

7.3 non-primary libc·Î C++ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇϱâ

C++ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» non-primary libc¿Í ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏ°í ½ÍÀ¸¸é, g++ include µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÄѾßÇÑ´Ù. (Áï ¿¬½À¿ë ¼³Ä¡ °æ¿ì, /usr/i486-linuxglibc2/include/g++ÀÌ°í, ÁÖ glibc ¼³Ä¡ °æ¿ì´Â /usr/i486-linuxlibc5/include/g++ÀÌ´Ù) º¸Åë CXXFLAGS º¯¼ö¸¦ ÷°¡ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

 CXXFLAGS = -nostdinc -I/usr/i486-linuxglibc2/include -I/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i486-linuxglibc2/2.7.2.2/include -I/usr/i486-linuxlibc5/include/g++ -b i486-linuxglibc2
 

8. ¹ö±× º¸°íÇϱâ

lib¿¡ ¹ö±×°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢µÇ¸é, ¿ì¼± FAQ¸¦ Àо¶ó. ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °¡Áø ¹®Á¦Á¡°ú °°Àº °æ¿ì¶ó¸é ÇØ°áÃ¥ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¶Ç´Â INSTALL ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â "Recommended Tools to Install the GNU C Library" ´Ü¿øÀ» üũÇØ º¸¾Æ¶ó. ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¾î¶² ¹ö±×´Â glibcÀÇ ¹ö±×°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ toolsÀÇ ¹ö±×À̱⶧¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

ÀÏ´Ü ¹ö±×¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇßÀ¸¸é, ±×°ÍÀÌ ÁøÂ¥ ¹ö±×ÀÎÁö È®ÀÎÇ϶ó. GNU C ¶óÀ̺귯¸®°¡ ´Ù¸¥ C ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¿Í °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ´Ù¸¥ C¶óÀ̺귯 ¸®¿Í °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¿¡ ÀÌ»óÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

´ÙÀ½Àº http://www-gnats.gnu.org:8080/cgi-bin/wwwgnats.pl·Î Á¢¼ÓÇÑ ÈÄ, ¹ö±× µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º¸¦ °ËÅäÇØ º¸¶ó. ÀÌ¹Ì º¸°íµÇ¾ú´ø ¹®Á¦ÀÎÁö È®ÀÎÇضó. libc¿Í ÇÔ²² ¹èÆ÷µÇ´Â BUGS ÆÄÀϵµ º¸¾Æ¶ó.

»õ·Î¿î ¹ö±×¶ó°í »ý°¢ÀÌ µÇ¸é, ±× ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀϾ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì¸¦ Á¼Èú ¼ö ÀÖÀ» ¸¸Å­ Á¼Çô¶ó.(?) C ¶óÀ̺귯¸® °æ¿ì ÇÑ ¶óÀ̺귯¸® ÇÔ¼ö È£Ãâ·Î ÁÙ¿©¼­ º¸°íÇÒ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸é ±×·¸°Ô Çضó. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ³Ê¿ì ¾î·ÆÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

°£´ÜÇÑ Å×½ºÆ® ÆÇÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¹ö±×¸¦ º¸°íÇ϶ó. ´ÙÀ½Àº ¹ö±× º¸°íÇÒ ¶§ Æ÷ÇÔÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ³»¿ëÀÌ´Ù. (1) ¹ö±×°¡ »ý±â´Â test case¿Í °á°úµé. (2) ¸¸¾à ¹ö±× ¿øÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ »ý°¢ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸é, ´ç½ÅÀÇ »ý°¢ (3) ´ç½ÅÀÌ »ç¿ëÇß´ø ½Ã½ºÅÛ Á¾·ù, GNU C ¶óÀ̺귯¸® ¹öÀü,GCC CC ÄÄÆÄÀÏ·¯ ¹öÀü, GNU Binutils ¹öÀü (4) 'configure'¸¦ ½ÇÇà½ÃÄ×À» ¶§ ¸¸µé¾îÁö´Â 'config.status'¿Í 'config.make'ÀÇ ÆÄÀÏ

GNU C ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ö±× ·¹Æ÷Æ®´Â glibcbug ½© ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ­ bugs@gnu.org ·Î º¸³»¶ó. (´Ù¸¥ ÁÖ¼Ò´Â bugs@gnu.ai.mit.edu) ¶Ç´Â http://www-gnats.gnu.org:8080/cgi-bin/wwwgnats.pl¿¡ ÀÖ´Â GNATS À¥ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¸¦ ÅëÇؼ­ Á¦ÃâÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

Á¦¾È°ú Áú¹®Àº bugs-glibc@prep.ai.mit.edu¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸ÞÀϸµ ¸®½ºÆ®·Î º¸³»¶ó. ¸¸¾à gnewsgroupÀÎ gnu.bug.glibc¸¦ ÀоÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¸é, bug-glibc-request@prep.ai.mit.edu¿¡ ¹°¾î¼­ ¸®½ºÆ®¿¡ Á¦ÃâÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

<bug-gcc@prep.ai.mit.edu> ·Î GNU C ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ö±× º¸°í¼­¸¦ º¸³»Áö ¸¶¶ó. ±×°÷Àº GNU CC¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ö±× º¸°í¼­¸¦ À§ÇÑ °÷ÀÌ´Ù. GNU CC¿Í GNU C ¶óÀ̺귯¸®´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­ °ü¸®µÈ´Ù.

9. »ùÇÃ specs ÆÄÀÏ

¿©±â¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »ùÇà specsÆÄÀÏÀº glibc 2¿ëÀ̸ç ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÒ ¶§, ¸µÅ©ÇÒ ¶§ gcc¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀº /usr/lib/gcc-lib/<new system dir>/<gcc version>¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸¾à x86 ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é, ÀÌ »ùÇà specs ÆÄÀÏÀ» º¹»çÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

 *asm:
 %{V} %{v:%{!V:-V}} %{Qy:} %{!Qn:-Qy} %{n} %{T} %{Ym,*} %{Yd,*} %{Wa,*:%*}

 *asm_final:
 %{pipe:-}

 *cpp:
 %{fPIC:-D__PIC__ -D__pic__} %{fpic:-D__PIC__ -D__pic__} %{!m386:-D__i486__} %{posix:-D_POSIX_SOURCE} %{pthread:-D_REENTRANT}

 *cc1:
 %{profile:-p}

 *cc1plus:


 *endfile:
 %{!shared:crtend.o%s} %{shared:crtendS.o%s} crtn.o%s

 *link:
 -m elf_i386 %{shared:-shared}   %{!shared:     %{!ibcs:       %{!static:       %{rdynamic:-export-dynamic}     %{!dynamic-linker:-dynamic-linker /lib/ld-linux.so.2}}  %{static:-static}}}

 *lib:
 %{!shared: %{pthread:-lpthread}        %{profile:-lc_p} %{!profile: -lc}}

 *libgcc:
 -lgcc

 *startfile:
 %{!shared:      %{pg:gcrt1.o%s} %{!pg:%{p:gcrt1.o%s}                  %{!p:%{profile:gcrt1.o%s}                         %{!profile:crt1.o%s}}}}    crti.o%s %{!shared:crtbegin.o%s} %{shared:crtbeginS.o%s}

 *switches_need_spaces:


 *signed_char:
 %{funsigned-char:-D__CHAR_UNSIGNED__}

 *predefines:
 -D__ELF__ -Dunix -Di386 -Dlinux -Asystem(unix) -Asystem(posix) -Acpu(i386) -Amachine(i386)

 *cross_compile:
 0

 *multilib:
 . ;
 

10. Miscellanea

10.1 Further information

Web Pages

Newgroups

10.2 Credits

Most of this information was stolen from the GNU Libc web page and from Ulrich Drepper's <drepper@gnu.ai.mit.edu> glibc 2 announcement and his comments. Andreas Jaeger <aj@arthur.rhein-neckar.de> provided some of the Reporting bugs section.

The following people have provided information and feedback for this document:

  • Mark Brown <M.A.Brown-4@sms.ed.ac.uk>
  • Ulrich Drepper <drepper@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
  • Scott K. Ellis <ellis@valueweb.net>
  • Aron Griffis <agriffis@coat.com>
  • Andreas Jaeger <aj@arthur.rhein-neckar.de>
  • Frodo Looijaard <frodol@dds.nl>
  • Ryan McGuire <rmcguire@freenet.columbus.oh.us>
  • Shaya Potter <spotter@capaccess.org>
  • Les Schaffer <godzilla@futuris.net>
  • Andy Sewell <puck@pookhill.demon.co.uk>
  • Stephane <sr@adb.fr>
  • Jan Vandenbos <jan@imaxx.net>

Translations of this document are being done by:

  • French: Olivier Tharan <tharan@int-evry.fr>
  • Japanese: Kazuyuki Okamoto <ikko-@pacific.rim.or.jp>

10.3 Feedback

Besides writing this HOWTO, maintaining the glibc 2 for Linux page, and using it on my machine, I have nothing to do with the glibc project. I am far from knowledgeable on this topic, though I try to help with problems mailed to me. I welcome any feedback, corrections, or suggestions you have to offer. Please send them to thrytis@imaxx.net.




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