The Software-RAID HOWTOJakob ¨ªstergaard ( jakob_at_unthought.net) ¹ø¿ª: Çѽ¼ö, netkevin_AT_hanmail.netv0.90.8, 2002-08-05 ÃÖÁ¾¹ø¿ªÀÏ: 2004-12-31 ¹Ì¿Ï¼º - °è¼Ó ¹ø¿ªÁßÀÔ´Ï´Ù.º» ¹®¼´Â ¸®´ª½º¿¡¼ Software RAID¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±â¼úÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¹®¼´Â Ingo Molnar ¹× ´Ù¸¥ ¿©·¯ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¸¸µç 0.90¹öÀüÀÇ Software RAID¸¦ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾î Á³½À´Ï´Ù. RAID´Â Ä¿³Î 2.4 ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¹öÀü¿¡¼ ±âº»À¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¸î¸î ¸®´ª½º ¹èÆ÷º»¿¡¼´Â 2.2Ä¿³Î°ú ÇÔ²² Á¦°øÇϱ⵵ Çß½À´Ï´Ù. 0.90¹öÀüÀÇ RAID´Â Ä¿³Î ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á 2.2¹öÀü°ú 2.0¹öÀüÀÇ Ä¿³Î¿¡¼µµ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀÌÀü ¹öÀüÀÇ RAIDº¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´õ ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÛµ¿ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 1. ¼¹®º» ¹®¼´Â ¹öÀü 2.4 ÀÌ»óÀÇ Ä¿³Î¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â RAID¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 2.0¹öÀü°ú 2.2¹öÀü Ä¿³Î¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÇ´ø "ÀÌÀü"¹öÀüÀÇ RAID´Â ¾ð±ÞÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¹®¼ÀÇ ÃֽŠ¹öÀüÀº http://unthought.net/Software-RAID.HOWTO/¿¡¼ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Jakob Østergaard °¡ ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ ÀÌ ¹®¼´Â RAIDÀÇ °³¹ßÀÚÀÎ Ingo Molnar (mingo@chiara.csoma.elte.hu) ¿Í ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÁÖ°í ¹ÞÀº linux-raid ¸ÞÀϸµ ¸®½ºÆ® (linux-raid@vger.kernel.org) ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ÀÛ¼ºµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. 2.0¹öÀüÀ̳ª 2.2¹öÀüÀÇ Ä¿³Î¿¡¼ »õ ¹öÀüÀÇ RAID¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é ÀÌ °÷ http://people.redhat.com/mingo/¿¡¼ Ä¿³Î ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ±¸ÇØ Àû¿ëÇϽʽÿÀ. ±âº» »óÅÂÀÇ 2.2¹öÀü Ä¿³ÎÀº ÀÌ ¹®¼¿¡¼ ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â »õ ¹öÀüÀÇ RAID¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¹Ç·Î ²À Ä¿³Î ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ÇؾßÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 2.0¹öÀü°ú 2.2¹öÀü¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀü ¹öÀüÀÇ RAID´Â ¹ö±×°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¸î °¡Áö Áß¿äÇÑ RAID±â´ÉÀÌ ´©¶ôµÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. RAID¿¡ ´ëÇØ Àß ¾Ë°í °è½Å´Ù¸é ¸î¸î ºÎºÐÀº ÀÐÀ» ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾øÀ» °Ì´Ï´Ù. 1.1 Ã¥ÀÓÀÇ ÇѰ躻 ¹®¼ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ÀϾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ ÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇؼµµ ÀúÀÚ ¹× ÇØ´ç ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î °³¹ßÀڴ åÀÓÀ» ÁöÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. º» ¹®¼ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ½ÇÇàÇϱâ Àü¿¡ ±ÍÇÏÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ¹é¾÷ÇϽʽÿÀ. 1.2 ¿ä±¸»çÇ×ÀÌ ¹®¼´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ RAID ÆÐÄ¡°¡ Àû¿ëµÈ 2.2¹öÀü°ú 2.0¹öÀüÀÇ Ä¿³ÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇϸç 0.90¹öÀü ÀÌ»óÀÇ RAID À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í Àְųª 2.4¹öÀüÀÇ Ä¿³ÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù´Â °¡Á¤ÇÏ¿¡ ÀÛ¼ºµÈ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ÆÐÄ¡³ª RAID À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼´Â ÀÌ °÷ http://people.redhat.com/mingo/¿¡¼ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Ä¿³Î ÆÐÄ¡¿Í »óÀÀÇÏ´Â ¹öÀüÀÇ RAID À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¼Å¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °Íµµ Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 2.4¹öÀü Ä¿³ÎÀÇ GNU/Linux(µ¥ºñ¾È) ¹èÆ÷ÆÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇϽŴٸé RAID »ç¿ë¿¡ Å« ¹«¸®´Â ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 2. RAID¸¦ ¾²´Â ÀÌÀ¯
2.1 RAID ±¸ÇöÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ Device ¿Í ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛLinux RAID´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ block devices¿¡¼ ±¸ÇöÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù. IDE³ª SCSIÀåÄ¡ ¸ðµÎ »ç¿ë °¡´ÉÇÏ¸ç µÑÀÇ È¥¿ë ¶ÇÇÑ °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Network Block Device (NBD)¸¦ ÅëÇØ RAID¸¦ ±¸ÇöÇÑ °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Linux Software RAID ÀåÄ¡ ±× ÀÚü°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì block deviceÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡, RAIDÀåÄ¡¸¦ ¸ð¾Æ¼ ¶Ç RAID¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â °Íµµ °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù.. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ RAID-0°ú RAID-1ÀÇ ÀåÁ¡À» ÇÕÄ£ RAID-10 (RAID-0 of multiple RAID-1 devices)ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¶Ç RAID-5 À§¿¡ RAID-5 ¸¦ ±¸ÇöÇÑ "matrix" RAID¿Í °°Àº ÈñÇÑÇÑ RAID±¸¼ºµµ °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù. RAID´Â ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛ°ú´Â ¾Æ¹«·± »ó°üÀÌ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ¾î¶°ÇÑ ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ(block deviceÀÇ °æ¿ìó·³)À¸·Îµµ RAID¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 2.2 ¼º´ÉRAID´Â ¼º´É Çâ»óÀ» ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹Áö¸¸ RAIDÀÇ °¢ ·¹º§º° Ư¡À» È®½ÇÈ÷ ÀÌÇØÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í »ç¿ëÇϸé Å« È¿°ú¸¦ ¾òÁö ¸øÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. RAIDÀÇ ·¹º§ÀÇ ¼³¸í¿¡ °¢ ·¹º§ÀÇ ¼º´É»ó Ư¡ÀÌ Àß ³ªÅ¸³ª ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 2.3 ¿ë¾îÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ"RAID"´Â "Linux Software RAID"¸¦ ¶æÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¹®¼´Â Hardware RAID¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾ð±ÞÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦ Ä¿³Î¼Ó¿¡¼ÀÇ Software RAID ±â´É¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾ð±ÞÇÏÁöµµ ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. RAIDÀÇ ±¸¼ºÀ» ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¶§´Â ¹°¸®Àû µð½ºÅ©ÀÇ °¹¼ö¿Í µð½ºÅ©ÀÇ Å©±â¸¦ ¸í½ÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Ë¾Æº¸±â ÆíÇÕ´Ï´Ù. NÀº »ç¿ëµÇ´Â µð½ºÅ©ÀÇ °¹¼ö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»¸ç(spare-disk´Â Á¦¿Ü) S´Â º°µµÀÇ ¼³¸íÀÌ ¾ø´Â ÇÑ RAID±¸¼º¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °¡Àå ÀÛÀº µð½ºÅ©ÀÇ Å©±â¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. P´Â RAID arrayÀÇ µð½ºÅ© ÇϳªÀÇ ¼º´ÉÀ» MB/s ´ÜÀ§·Î Ç¥½ÃÇÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¶§ RAID array ÀÇ ¸ðµç µð½ºÅ©ÀÇ ¼Óµµ´Â µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. "device"¿Í "disk"´Â °°Àº Àǹ̷Π»ç¿ëµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù."device"¶ó ÇÔÀº RAID¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â µð½ºÅ©ÀÇ ÆÄƼ¼ÇÀ» ³ªÅ¸³À´Ï´Ù. µ¿ÀÏ µð½ºÅ©»óÀÇ ÆÄƼ¼Çµé¸¸À¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ RAID´Â Àǹ̰¡ ¾øÀ¸¹Ç·Î "devices"¿Í "disks"´Â ´Ù¸¥ µð½ºÅ©»óÀÇ ÆÄƼ¼ÇÀ¸·Î »ý°¢ÇÏ½Ã¸é µÇ°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. 2.4 RAIDÀÇ Á¾·ù¸®´ª½º¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â RAIDÀÇ Á¾·ù¿¡ ´ëÇØ °£·«È÷ ¼³¸íÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐ RAID¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ³»¿ëÀÌÁö¸¸ Á» ´õ Ãß°¡ÇÑ ³»¿ëµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.RAID¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±â¹Ý Áö½ÄÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸½Ã´Ù¸é ÀÌ ºÎºÐÀº ÀÐÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¼Åµµ ¹«¹æÇÕ´Ï´Ù. RAID¿¡¼´Â ´ÙÀ½ ·¹º§µéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
¿¹ºñ µð½ºÅ©¿¹ºñ µð½ºÅ©¶õ RAID °¡ Àå¾Ö »óÅ¿¡ ºüÁö¸é º¹±¸¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â µð½ºÅ©¸¦ ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. µð½ºÅ© Àå¾Ö°¡ °¨ÁöµÇ¸é ±× µð½ºÅ©´Â bad ·Î Ç¥½ÃµÇ°í ù¹ø° ¿¹ºñ µð½ºÅ©·Î º¹±¸°¡ Áï½Ã ½ÃÀ۵˴ϴÙ. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿¹ºñ µð½ºÅ©´Â ƯÈ÷ RAID-5 ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ´õ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. °áÇÔÀÌ ÀÖ´Â µð½ºÅ©·Î RAID¸¦ ¿î¿µÇÏ´Ù ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¿¹ºñ µð½ºÅ©¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¸·À» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¡µµ ¾È½ÉÇÒ ¼ö´Â ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ¹«¸® RAIDÀÇ µð½ºÅ©°¡ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ´Ù°í Çصµ SCSI ÄÜÆ®·Ñ·¯³ª IDE Ĩ¼ÂÀÇ ¿¡·¯ µî¿¡´Â ¹«¹æºñÀÏ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ º¹±¸´Â µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ÀÌÁßÈ¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ Àå¾Ö°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº µð½ºÅ©¿¡¼ °¡Á®¿À±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¿©·¯ µð½ºÅ©¿¡¼ ¹èµå ºí·°ÀÌ Á¡Á¡ »ý°Ü³ª¸é ºÒ¿ÏÀüÇÑ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ º¹±¸¸¦ ÇÏ´Â ¼ÀÀÌ µÇ¹Ç·Î ¸ÖÂÄÇÑ µð½ºÅ©ÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅ͵µ ¼Õ»óÀÌ µÇ°í °á±¹Àº Àüü RAID°¡ ¸Á°¡Áö´Â °á°ú°¡ »ý±é´Ï´Ù. ÀÚÁÖ ¹é¾÷À» ÇÑ´Ù¸é ÀÌ °°Àº »óȲÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀº ÇöÀúÈ÷ ÁÙ¾îµé °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. RAIDµµ ¹é¾÷Àº ÇؾßÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀØÁö ¸¶½Ê½Ã¿À. 2.5 RAID¸¦ ½º¿ÒÀ¸·Î¼º´ÉÀ» ³ôÀÌ·Á°í ½º¿Ò ¿µ¿ªÀ» RAID Àåºñ¿¡ ÀâÀ» ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. fstabÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ °¢ ½º¿Ò¿µ¿ª¿¡ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§¸¸ ºÎ¿©Çϸé Ä¿³ÎÀÌ ½º½º·Î ºÐ»êµÈ ½º¿Ò¿µ¿ªÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿¹: /dev/sda2 swap swap defaults,pri=1 0 0 /dev/sdb2 swap swap defaults,pri=1 0 0 /dev/sdc2 swap swap defaults,pri=1 0 0 /dev/sdd2 swap swap defaults,pri=1 0 0 /dev/sde2 swap swap defaults,pri=1 0 0 /dev/sdf2 swap swap defaults,pri=1 0 0 /dev/sdg2 swap swap defaults,pri=1 0 0ÀÌ fstab ÆÄÀÏÀº 7°³ÀÇ SCSI µð½ºÅ©¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ½º¿Ò¿µ¿ªÀ» º´·ÄÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¿¹¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ¿À·¡ÀüºÎÅÍ Ä¿³ÎÀÌ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀÔ´Ï´Ù. RAID¸¦ ½º¿Ò ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ¾²´Â ´Ù¸¥ ÀÌÀ¯´Â °í°¡¿ë¼ºÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ½Ã½ºÅÛ ºÎÆ® ¿µ¿ªÀÌ RAID-1¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸é º¹±¸°¡ °¡´ÉÇϹǷΠ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾øÁö¸¸ ½º¿Ò ¿µ¿ªÀÌ °áÇÔÀ» ³»Æ÷ÇÏ´Â RAID¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¹®Á¦°¡ µË´Ï´Ù. ½º¿Ò ¿µ¿ªÀ» RAID-1¿¡ ÀâÀ¸¸é ÀÌ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. RAID ÀåÄ¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ½º¿Ò ¿µ¿ªÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤¼º¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â ÀÇ°ßÀÌ ºÐºÐÇϸç ÀÌ´Â ½º¿ÒÀº Ä¿³Î°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ³»¿ëÀÌ ¸¹±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Á¦ »ý°¢¿¡´Â RAID¿¡ ½º¿ÒÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¹«Ã´ ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. ½º¿Ò ÆÄƼ¼ÇÀ¸·Î RAID¸¦ ¸¸µé ¼öµµ ÀÖ°í(RAIDÀÇ °¢ µð½ºÅ© ÆÄƼ¼Ç ŸÀÔÀ» swapÀ¸·Î ÇÏ°í RAID¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¶æ:¿ªÁÖ) RAID¸¦ ½º¿Ò ÆÄƼ¼ÇÀ¸·Î ¾µ ¼öµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¾Õ¿¡¼µµ ¸»¾¸µå·È´Ù½ÃÇÇ RAID´Â ºí·Ï ÀåÄ¡(block device)ÀÏ »ÓÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 3. Çϵå¿þ¾îÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦ÀÌ ´Ü¶ô¿¡¼´Â software RAID ¿î¿µ½Ã ÁÖÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÒ »çÇ×À» ¼³¸íÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Á» ´õ ³ªÀº ¼º´ÉÀ» ¾òÀ¸·Á¸é µð½ºÅ©¸¦ ¿¬°áÇÏ´Â ¹ö½º°¡ ÃæºÐÇÑ ´ë¿ªÆøÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. µð½ºÅ©´ç Àü¼ÛÀ²ÀÌ 20 MB/s ÀÌ°í ¹ö½ºÀÇ ´ë¿ªÆøÀÌ 160 MB/s ¶ó°í ÇÒ ¶§ ÇϳªÀÇ Ultra Wide ½ºÄ«½Ã ÄÜÆ®·Ñ·¯¿¡ 14°³ÀÇ µð½ºÅ©¸¦ ¿¬°áÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀº ¾ø¾î¾ß ÇÏ°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÇϳªÀÇ IDE ÄÜÆ®·Ñ·¯´ç ÇϳªÀÇ µð½ºÅ©¸¸ ¿¬°áÇÏ¼Å¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¸¶½ºÅÍ/½½·¹ÀÌºê µð½ºÅ©¸¦ ¸ðµÎ RAID·Î ¿¬°áÇØ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¼º´ÉÀÌ ¾öû³ª°Ô ÀúÇ쵃 ¿ì·Á°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. IDE´Â ¹ö½º´ç µÎ °³ÀÌ»óÀÇ µð½ºÅ©°¡ ¾×¼¼½º µÉ ¶§¿¡´Â ¾öû³ª°Ô ´À·ÁÁý´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿äÁòÀÇ ½ÅÇü ¸ÞÀκ¸µåµéÀº IDE¹ö½º°¡ µÎ °³¾¿ ÀÖ´Â °Íµµ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î Ãß°¡ ºñ¿ë¾øÀÌ Á» ´õ ³ªÀº ¼º´ÉÀÇ RAID¸¦ ¿î¿µÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¹°·Ð IDE ÄÜÆ®·Ñ·¯ °¡°Ýµµ Àú·ÅÇϹǷΠ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ IDE ÄÜÆ®·Ñ·¯¸¦ ´Þ¾Æ¼ 6-8°³ Á¤µµÀÇ µð½ºÅ©·Î µÈ RAID¸¦ ¿î¿µÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýµµ ³ª»ÚÁö´Â ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 3.1 IDE ¼³Á¤IDE µð½ºÅ©·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ RAID¸¦ ¿î¿µÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýµµ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¼º´Éµµ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î IDE µð½ºÅ©¿Í ÄÜÆ®·Ñ·¯ÀÇ °¡°ÝÀÌ Àú·ÅÇϹǷΠIDE RAID¸¦ °í·ÁÇØ º¸´Â °Íµµ ±¦ÂúÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
ÇϳªÀÇ IDE ¹ö½º´ç ÇϳªÀÇ µð½ºÅ©¸¸ ¿¬°áÇؼ »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÑ Á¡ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¸°Ô ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¼º´É ÀúÇϻӸ¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸¸¾à µð½ºÅ©°¡ °íÀ峪¸é IDE ¹ö½º Àüü·Î ¿À·ù°¡ ÆÛÁö°Ô µÇ¸ç ±× ¹ö½º¿¡ ¿¬°áµÈ ¸ðµç µð½ºÅ©¿¡ Àå¾Ö°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. Àå¾Ö 󸮰¡ °¡´ÉÇÑ RAID (RAID ·¹º§ 1,4,5)´Â ÇÑ °³ÀÇ µð½ºÅ© Àå¾Ö´Â ó¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, µÎ °³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ µð½ºÅ© Àå¾Ö´Â ó¸®ÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡ À§ÇèÇÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. IDE ¹ö½º Çϳª´ç ÇϳªÀÇ µð½ºÅ©, ÀÌ°ÍÀº Á¤¸» Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿©·¯ °³ÀÇ IDE ÄÜÆ®·Ñ·¯ ±¸¸Å¿¡ µ·ÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ µé¾îµµ IDE µð½ºÅ©ÀÇ °¡°ÝÀÌ ½ºÄ«½Ã¿¡ ºñÇØ ÈξÀ Àú·ÅÇϹǷΠIDE µð½ºÅ©¸¦ ¸¹ÀÌ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì¶ó¸é Á¤¸» ±¦ÂúÀº ¹æ¹ýÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±Ô¸ð°¡ Ä¿Áö°Ô µÇ¸é ÄÉÀÌºí¸µµµ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¾ß±âÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î IDE ÄÉÀ̺íÀÇ ±æÀÌ°¡ ³Ê¹« ±æ¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê°Ô ÁÖÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. °Ô´Ù°¡ ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ ¾î¶² µð½ºÅ©´Â ÇÏ·ç´ç »ç¿ë ½Ã°£ Á¦ÇÑÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °Íµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·± µð½ºÅ©µéÀº µ¥½ºÅ©Å¾ ¿ëÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ¹«Á¤Áö·Î ¿î¿µÇÒ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ½É°¢ÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ ÃÊ·¡ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ» °Ì´Ï´Ù. 3.2 ÇÖ½º¿Ò ±â´Éµð½ºÅ©ÀÇ ÇÖ½º¿ÒÀº ÁÖÀÇÇؾßÇÒ Á¡µéÀÌ ¸¹½À´Ï´Ù. IDE µð½ºÅ©ÀÇ ÇÖ½º¿ÒIDE µð½ºÅ©´Â ÇÖ½º¿ÒÀÌ ¾ÈµË´Ï´Ù. ¹°·Ð, IDE µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ ¸ðµâ·Î ÄÄÆÄÀϵǾî ÀÖ´Ù¸é µð½ºÅ©¸¦ ±³Ã¼ÇÏ°í ¸ðµâÀ» ´Ù½Ã ¿Ã¸®´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ Àֱ⵵ ÇÒ°Ì´Ï´Ù.(2.2 ¹öÀüÀÇ Ä¿³Î¿¡¼¸¸ µÇ´ø ±â´ÉÀÔ´Ï´Ù) ÇÏÁö¸¸ IDE ÄÜÆ®·Ñ·¯³ª µð½ºÅ©¸¦ Å¿ì°Ô µÇ´Â ºÒ»ó»ç¸¦ °ÞÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¹®Á¦´Â(Çϵå¿þ¾îÀûÀ¸·Î ¼Õ»óÀ» ÀÔÈ÷´Â Àü±âÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦´Â Á¦¿Ü) µð½ºÅ©°¡ ±³Ã¼µÈ ÈÄ¿¡ IDE ¹ö½º´Â ´Ù½Ã ÀÐÇôÁ®¾ß(re-scanning) µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. »õ ¹öÀüÀÇ Ä¿³ÎÀÌ ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» Áö¿øÇϱä ÇÏÁö¸¸(hdparm À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼¸¦ ÀÌ¿ë), ÆÄƼ¼Ç Á¤º¸¸¦ ´Ù½Ã ÀоîµéÀÌ´Â °Í±îÁö´Â µÇÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ±³Ã¼µÈ µð½ºÅ©°¡ ±³Ã¼ÀüÀÇ µð½ºÅ©¿Í 100% µ¿ÀÏ(ÆÄƼ¼Ç ±¸Á¶µî ¸ðµç °Í)ÇÏ´Ù¸é °¡´ÉÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ°ÚÁö¸¸ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ À§ÇèÀ» °¨¼öÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. SCSI µð½ºÅ©ÀÇ ÇÖ½º¿Òº¸ÅëÀÇ SCSI Çϵå¿þ¾îµµ ÇÖ½º¿ÒÀÌ ¾ÈµÇ±ä ¸¶Âù°¡ÁöÀÌÁö¸¸ µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ±ä ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¹ö½º ¸®½ºÄ³´×À» Áö¿øÇϸé ÇÖ½º¿ÒÀÌ µÇ´Â °Ì´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ Àü¿øÀÌ µé¾î¿Í ÀÖ´Â »óÅ¿¡¼ ÀåÄ¡¸¦ Å»/ºÎÂøÇÏ´Â ÇàÀ§´Â ¾ø¾î¾ß ÇÏ°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¿ª½Ã ¼º°øÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸ Àåºñ°¡ Å» ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¸í½ÉÇϽʽÿÀ. SCSI ¿¡¼´Â µð½ºÅ©°¡ °íÀ峪µµ À̸¦ ´ëóÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù¸¸ ¸ðµç SCSI ÄÜÆ®·Ñ·¯°¡ ±×·² ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. µð½ºÅ©°¡ °íÀ峪¼ SCSI ÄÜÆ®·Ñ·¯µµ Á×°í ½Ã½ºÅÛ±îÁö °°ÀÌ Á×´Â ÀÏÀÌ »ý±ä´Ù¸é ÇÖ½º¿ÒÀº µµ¿òÀÌ µÇÁö ¸øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. SCA(Single Connection Attach)ÀÇ ÇÖ½º¿ÒSCA´Â ÇÖ½º¿ÒÀÌ µË´Ï´Ù. ½±Áö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸ ¾ÈÀüÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ¿¹Á¦Ã³·³ RAID µð½ºÅ©¸¦ ±³Ã¼ÇϽʽÿÀ:
À§ÀÇ "scsi remove-single-device" ¸í·É¿¡ Àμö·Î Àü´ÞµÇ´Â ¼ýÀÚµéÀº °¢°¢: Host, Channel, Id, Lun À» ÀǹÌÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ °ªµéÀº "/proc/scsi/scsi" ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. À§ÀÇ ¿¹Á¦´Â IBM »çÀÇ SCA¹æ½Ä µð½ºÅ©¿Í Adaptec »çÀÇ SCSI ÄÜÆ®·Ñ·¯¿¡¼ ¼öÇà/Å×½ºÆ®µÈ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¿¹Á¦´ë·Î ½ÇÇàÁß ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇϰųª °³¼±Á¡À» ãÀ¸¼Ì´Ù¸é linux-raid ¸ÞÀϸµ ¸®½ºÆ®¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¾Ë·ÁÁֽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù. 4. RAID ¼³Á¤4.1 °øÅë ¼³Á¤ »çÇ×Áغñ¹°Àº ÀÌ·¸½À´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌÁ¦ºÎÅÍ ³ª¿À´Â ³»¿ëÀº ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¹èÆ÷ÆÇ¿¡¼ ¸ðµÎ Ç¥ÁØÀÎ °ÍµéÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ Ä¿³ÎÀÌ RAID¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é RAID ¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔ½Ãų ÆÄƼ¼ÇÀ» »ý¼ºÇϽʽÿÀ. ÀÌÁ¦ °¢ RAID ·¹º§ º° ¼³Á¤À» ÇØ º¸°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. 4.2 Linear mode¼·Î Å©±â°¡ ´Ù¸¥(°°¾Æµµ µË´Ï´Ù) ÆÄƼ¼ÇÀ» ÇÕÄ¡´Â °æ¿ìÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
raiddev /dev/md0 raid-level linear nr-raid-disks 2 chunk-size 32 persistent-superblock 1 device /dev/sdb6 raid-disk 0 device /dev/sdc5 raid-disk 1ÇÑ µð½ºÅ©¿¡ Àå¾Ö°¡ »ý±â¸é ±× RAID Àüüµµ °°ÀÌ Á×½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ¿¹ºñ µð½ºÅ© ¼³Á¤Àº Àǹ̰¡ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡ »ý·«µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. º´·ÄÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °Íµµ ¾Æ´Ñµ¥ ¿Ö ÀÌÁ¦ RAID¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ¸í·ÉÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÕ´Ï´Ù. mkraid /dev/md0 ÀÌ ¸í·ÉÀº RAID¸¦ ÃʱâÈÇÏ°í persistent superblockÀ» ±â·ÏÇϸç RAID¸¦ ±âµ¿ÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌÁ¦ º¸ÅëÀÇ µð½ºÅ©Ã³·³ ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛÀ» ¸¸µé°í, ¸¶¿îÆ®ÇÏ°í fstab ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÏ´Â ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇØÁÖ½Ã¸é µË´Ï´Ù. 4.3 RAID-0ºñ½ÁÇÑ Å©±âÀÇ µð½ºÅ©°¡ µÎ °³ ÀÌ»ó ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÒ ¶§ µÎ ¿ë·®À» ÇÕÄ¡¸é¼ º´·Ä»ç¿ëÀ» ÅëÇØ ¼º´Éµµ Çâ»ó½ÃÅ°°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ µÇ°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ª½Ã raiddev /dev/md0 raid-level 0 nr-raid-disks 2 persistent-superblock 1 chunk-size 4 device /dev/sdb6 raid-disk 0 device /dev/sdc5 raid-disk 1Linear ¸ðµå¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î RAID-0Àº µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ÀÌÁßÈ ±â´ÉÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¿¹ºñ µð½ºÅ©´Â »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ´ÙÀ½À» ½ÇÇàÇÕ´Ï´Ù. mkraid /dev/md0superblockÀ» ÃʱâÈÇÏ°í RAID¸¦ ±âµ¿ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. /proc/mdstat ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÅëÇØ ÀÛµ¿¿©ºÎ¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
/dev/md0 À» ÀÌÁ¦ Æ÷¸ËÇÏ°í ¸¶¿îÆ®Çؼ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é µË´Ï´Ù. 4.4 RAID-1ºñ½ÁÇÑ Å©±âÀÇ µð½ºÅ©°¡ µÎ °³ ÀÖ°í ÇÑ µð½ºÅ©°¡ ´Ù¸¥ µð½ºÅ©¸¦ ¹Ì·¯¸µÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ìÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿©ºÐÀÇ µð½ºÅ©¸¦ ¿¹ºñ µð½ºÅ©·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇØ ³õÀ¸¸é RAID¿¡ Àå¾Ö°¡ »ý±â¸é ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ¿¹ºñ µð½ºÅ©°¡ ±× µð½ºÅ©¸¦ ±³Ã¼Çؼ ¹Ì·¯¸µÀ» ÇÏ°Ô µÉ °Ì´Ï´Ù. RAID-1 ÀÇ raiddev /dev/md0 raid-level 1 nr-raid-disks 2 nr-spare-disks 0 chunk-size 4 persistent-superblock 1 device /dev/sdb6 raid-disk 0 device /dev/sdc5 raid-disk 1¿¹ºñ µð½ºÅ© Ãß°¡´Â µÞºÎºÐ¿¡ ÀÌ·¸°Ô Ãß°¡ÇØ ÁÖ½Ã¸é µË´Ï´Ù. device /dev/sdd5 spare-disk 0nr-spare-disks ºÎºÐÀ» Á¤È®È÷ ¼³Á¤ÇØ Áֽô °ÍÀ» ÀØÁö ¸¶½Ê½Ã¿À. ÀÌÁ¦ RAID¸¦ ±âµ¿ÇÒ Áغñ°¡ µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. µÎ µð½ºÅ©ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» °°°Ô ¸¸µé¾îÁà¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ¸í·ÉÀ» ½ÇÇàÇϽʽÿÀ. mkraid /dev/md0¹Ì·¯¸µÀÇ Ãʱâȸ¦ ½ÃÀÛÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
À籸¼º °úÁ¤Àº I/O ´ë¿ªÆøÀÇ »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ºÎºÐ¸¸À» »ç¿ëÇϹǷΠµð½ºÅ©ÀÇ ÀÛµ¿ LED °¡ ±ôºý¿©µµ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ¹ÝÀÀ ¼Óµµ¿¡ Å« ¿µÇâÀº ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº À籸¼º °úÁ¤°ú´Â »ó°ü¾øÀÌ RAID ÀåÄ¡¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. À籸¼ºÀÌ ÁøÇàÁßÀ϶§ Æ÷¸ËÀ» Çغ¸½Ê½Ã¿À. Àß µÉ °Ì´Ï´Ù. ¸¶¿îÆ®µµ ¹°·Ð ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ À籸¼ºÀ» ÇÏ´Â µµÁß¿¡ µð½ºÅ©¿¡ Àå¾Ö°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¸é ¾î¿ µµ¸®°¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. 4.5 RAID-4ÁÖÀÇ: - ÇÊÀÚµµ RAID-4ÀÇ ¼Â¾÷Àº Çغ¸Áö ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ºÎºÐ¸¸ÅÀº Á¦°¡ °æÇèÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ºÎºÐÀÔ´Ï´Ù. RAID-4¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í °è½Ã´Ù¸é ´ÙÀ½ À̸ÞÀÏ ÁÖ¼Ò·Î ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ °æÇèÀ» ¾Ë·ÁÁֽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù. author ºñ½ÁÇÑ Å©±âÀÇ ¼¼ °³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ µð½ºÅ©°¡ ÀÖ°í ±× Áß Çϳª°¡ ³ª¸ÓÁöº¸´Ù ¼Óµµ°¡ ¿ùµîÈ÷ ºü¸¦¶§ µð½ºÅ©¸¦ Çϳª·Î ÇÕÃļ ¾²¸é¼ µ¥ÀÌÅÍÀÇ ÀÌÁßȵµ ²ÒÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ µÇ°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. /etc/raidtab ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ³»¿ë: raiddev /dev/md0 raid-level 4 nr-raid-disks 4 nr-spare-disks 0 persistent-superblock 1 chunk-size 32 device /dev/sdb1 raid-disk 0 device /dev/sdc1 raid-disk 1 device /dev/sdd1 raid-disk 2 device /dev/sde1 raid-disk 3¿¹ºñ µð½ºÅ©°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸é °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î Ãß°¡ÇØ ÁÖ½Ã¸é µË´Ï´Ù. device /dev/sdf1 spare-disk 0RAID Ãʱâȸ¦ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. mkraid /dev/md0Æ÷¸ËÀ» ÇϽñâ Àü¿¡ mke2fs ¸í·ÉÀÇ ¿É¼Ç¿¡ °üÇÑ ºÎºÐÀ» ²À Àо½Ê½Ã¿À. 4.6 RAID-5ºñ½ÁÇÑ Å©±âÀÇ µð½ºÅ©°¡ ¼¼ °³ ÀÌ»óÀÖ°í µð½ºÅ©µéÀ» Çϳª·Î ÇÕÃÄ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é¼ µ¥ÀÌÅÍÀÇ ÀÌÁßȸ¦ ÇÏ·Á´Â °æ¿ìÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿¹ºñ µð½ºÅ©´Â Æò»ó½Ã¿£ »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Ù°¡ ´Ù¸¥ µð½ºÅ©¿¡ Àå¾Ö°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¸é »ç¿ëµË´Ï´Ù. N °³ÀÇ µð½ºÅ©°¡ ÀÖ°í ±× Áß °¡Àå ÀÛÀº µð½ºÅ©ÀÇ Å©±â°¡ S ¶ó°í Çϸé, Àüü RAIDÀÇ Å©±â´Â (N-1)*S °¡ µË´Ï´Ù. ¿ø·¡ µð½ºÅ©ÀÇ ÇÕº¸´Ù ÁÙ¾îµå´Â °ø°£Àº µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ÀÌÁßȸ¦ À§ÇÑ Æи®Æ¼ Á¤º¸°¡ ÀúÀåµÇ´Â µ¥ »ç¿ëµË´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ´öÅÿ¡ ÇϳªÀÇ µð½ºÅ©¿¡ Àå¾Ö°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´õ¶óµµ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â ¾ÈÀüÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ µÎ °³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ µð½ºÅ©¿¡ Àå¾Ö°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¸é µ¥ÀÌÅÍ°¡ ¼Õ½ÇµË´Ï´Ù. /etc/raidtab ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ³»¿ëÀÔ´Ï´Ù: raiddev /dev/md0 raid-level 5 nr-raid-disks 7 nr-spare-disks 0 persistent-superblock 1 parity-algorithm left-symmetric chunk-size 32 device /dev/sda3 raid-disk 0 device /dev/sdb1 raid-disk 1 device /dev/sdc1 raid-disk 2 device /dev/sdd1 raid-disk 3 device /dev/sde1 raid-disk 4 device /dev/sdf1 raid-disk 5 device /dev/sdg1 raid-disk 6¿¹ºñ µð½ºÅ©°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸é ¿ª½Ã °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î Ãß°¡ÇØ ÁÖ½Ã¸é µË´Ï´Ù. device /dev/sdh1 spare-disk 0´ëü·Î chunk size ´Â 32 kB °¡ Àû´çÇÕ´Ï´Ù. À§ÀÇ ¿¹Á¦´Â 7 °³ÀÇ 6 GB µð½ºÅ©·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç ÃÑ 36 GB ÀÇ ÀúÀå°ø°£À» °¡Áö°Ô µË´Ï´Ù.(°ø½ÄÀ» »ç¿ë, °è»êÇϸé (n-1)*s = (7-1)*6 = 36) ÀÌ´Â 4 kB ºí·Ï»çÀÌÁîÀÇ ext2 ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛÀ» »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ´õ Å« ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» »ç¿ëÇϰųª ¸Å¿ì Å« ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÀúÀåÇϽ÷Á¸é chunk-size ¿Í filesystem block-size ÀÇ °ªÀ» ´õ ´Ã·ÁÁÖ½Ã¸é µË´Ï´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦ ´ÙÀ½À» ½ÇÇàÇϽʽÿÀ. mkraid /dev/md0µð½ºÅ©µéÀÌ À籸¼ºÀ» ÇÏ´À¶ó°í Á¤½Å¾øÀÌ ÀÛµ¿ÇÒ °Ì´Ï´Ù. /proc/mdstat ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÅëÇØ °úÁ¤À» ÁöÄѺ¸½Ê½Ã¿À.
À籸¼º °úÁ¤ÀÌ ¿Ï·áµÇ±â Àü±îÁö´Â ¾ÆÁ÷ ³¡³ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ À籸¼ºÀÌ ÁøÇàµÇ´Â Áß¿¡µµ ¸ðµç ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.(µð½ºÅ© Àå¾Ö°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì´Â Á¦¿Ü) Æ÷¸ËÀ» ÇϽñâ Àü¿¡ mke2fs ¸í·ÉÀÇ ¿É¼Ç¿¡ °üÇÑ ºÎºÐÀ» ²À Àо½Ê½Ã¿À. ÀÌÁ¦ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¾ðÁ¦µçÁö ´ÙÀ½ ¸í·É¾î·Î RAID ÀåÄ¡¸¦ Á¤Áö/°¡µ¿ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. raidstop /dev/md0¶Ç´Â raidstart /dev/md0µÚ¿¡ ¼³¸íµå¸± autodetection ±â´ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇϸé init- ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ À̸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÏ½Ç ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. 4.7 Persistent SuperblockRAID °ü·Ã ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ¶ÇÇÑ RAID ÀåÄ¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛÀ» ¸¶¿îÆ®ÇÒ ¶§¿¡µµ persistent superblock ÀÌ ÀÌ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¡µµ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ºÎÆ®µÇ¸é¼ RAID¸¦ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ÀνÄÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ·Á¸é persistent superblock ¿É¼ÇÀ» Äѵξî¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ´õ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ¼³¸íÀº Autodetection ºÎºÐ¿¡¼ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 4.8 Chunk sizechunk-size ´Â Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. µð½ºÅ©¿¡ ±â·ÏÇÏ´Â ÀÛ¾÷Àº ¿Ïº®ÇÑ º´·Ä·Î ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °Ô ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. µÎ µð½ºÅ©°¡ ÀÖ°í ÇÑ ¹ÙÀÌÆ®¸¦ ¾²°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é °¢ µð½ºÅ©¿¡ 4ºñÆ®¾¿ ±â·ÏµÉ °ÍÀ̸ç ÇÑ ºñÆ®¾¿ 0¹ø µð½ºÅ©¿Í 1¹ø µð½ºÅ©¿¡ ¹ø°¥¾Æ°¡¸ç ±â·ÏµÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ´Â Çϵå¿þ¾î¿¡¼ Á¦¾îÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿ì¸®°¡ ÁöÁ¤ÇØ ÁÖ´Â chunk-size, ÇÑ ÀåÄ¡¿¡ ±â·ÏµÇ´Â ÃÖ¼Ò µ¥ÀÌÅÍ·®À» Á¤ÇØÁÜÀ¸·Î½á °¡´ÉÇØÁö´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. RAID-0 ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ̶ó¸é chunk-size°¡ 4 kB À϶§ 16 kB Å©±âÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â 4 kB ·Î ³× µîºÐµÇ¾î ù¹ø°¿Í ¼¼¹ø° 4 kB °¡ 0¹ø µð½ºÅ©¿¡, µÎ¹ø°¿Í ³×¹ø° 4 kB °¡ 1¹ø µð½ºÅ©¿¡ ±â·ÏµÇ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ´ë¿ë·®ÀÇ ¾²±â ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÑ´Ù¸é chunk-size ¸¦ Å©°Ô ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¿À¹öÇìµå¸¦ ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. chunk-size ´Â ¸ðµç RAID ·¹º§(linear ¸ðµå Æ÷ÇÔ)¿¡¼ ¸í½ÃµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ linear ¸ðµå¿¡¼´Â chunk-size °¡ ¾Æ¹«·± ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä¡Áö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. block-size ¿Í chunk-size ¸¦ Àß Á¶ÀýÇϸé ÃÖÀûÀÇ ¼º´ÉÀ» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
RAID-0µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â º´·ÄÀûÀ¸·Î ±â·ÏµË´Ï´Ù. Á» ´õ ¸íÈ®È÷ ¸»Çϸé chunk-size °¡ 4 kB ÀÏ ¶§ 16 kB °¡ ¼¼ °³ÀÇ µð½ºÅ©¿¡ ±â·ÏµÈ´Ù¸é RAID ´Â µð½ºÅ© 0, 1, 2 ¿¡ 4 kB ¸¦ º´·ÄÀûÀ¸·Î ±â·ÏÇÏ°í ³ª¸ÓÁö 4 kB ¸¦ 0¹ø µð½ºÅ©¿¡ ±â·ÏÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ´ëü·Î 32 kB ÀÇ chunk-size °¡ Àû´çÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÃÖÀû°ªÀº RAID¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â µð½ºÅ©ÀÇ °¹¼ö¿Í ±â·ÏµÇ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀÇ Å©±â µî¿¡ µû¶ó ´Þ¶óÁý´Ï´Ù. °ªÀ» º¯°æÇØ °¡¸ç ÃÖÀûÀÇ ¼öÄ¡¸¦ ã¾Æ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ext2 ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛ°ú RAID-0ÀÌ ÆÁÀº michael@freenet-ag.de°¡ º¸³»ÁÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ext2 ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛÀÇ ºí·Ï ±×·ìÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ ºÎºÐ¿¡´Â ´Ù¸¥ ºÎºÐº¸´Ù ´õ ¸¹Àº µð½ºÅ© ¾×¼¼½º°¡ ÀϾ´Ï´Ù. µð½ºÅ©°¡ ÇϳªÀÏ ¶§¿¡´Â ¹®Á¦°¡ µÇÁö ¾ÊÁö¸¸ RAID-0 ¿¡¼ ¸ðµç ºí·Ï ±×·ìÀÌ °°Àº µð½ºÅ©¿¡ ¸ð¿© ÀÖÀ¸¸é ¹®Á¦°¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±× ¿¹·Î: 4k stripe size µµ 4k ÀÌ°í block size µµ 4k À̸é, ÇϳªÀÇ ºí·ÏÀÌ ÇϳªÀÇ stripe ÀÌ µË´Ï´Ù. µÎ °³ÀÇ µð½ºÅ©¿¡¼´Â stripe-#disk-product ´Â 2*4k=8k °¡ µË´Ï´Ù. ±âº» block group size °¡ 32768 block À̸é, ¸ðµç ºí·Ï ±×·ìÀº 0¹ø µð½ºÅ©¿¡¼ ½ÃÀ۵˴ϴÙ. ÀÌ ºÎºÐÀÌ ÀüüÀûÀÎ ¼º´ÉÀ» ÀúÇϽÃÅ°´Â hot spot ÀÌ µÇ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ½±°Ôµµ block group size ´Â 8 blocks ´ÜÀ§·Î(4k block À϶§´Â 32k ´ÜÀ§·Î)¸¸ Á¶Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¸±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ mkfs ÀÇ -g ¿É¼ÇÀ¸·Î block group size ¸¦ Á¶Á¤ÇÏ´Â °Í¸¸À¸·Î´Â ÀÌ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. µð½ºÅ©¸¦ Ãß°¡Çϸé stripe-#disk-product´Â 12°¡ µÇ¹Ç·Î ù¹ø° ºí·ÏÀº 0¹ø µð½ºÅ©¿¡ ÀúÀåµÇ°í µÎ¹ø° ºí·ÏÀº 2¹ø µð½ºÅ©¿¡ ÀúÀåµÇ¸ç ¼¼¹ø° ºí·ÏÀº 1¹ø µð½ºÅ©¿¡ ÀúÀåµÇ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ºí·Ï ±×·ìÀÇ ½ÃÀۺκп¡¼ µð½ºÅ© È°µ¿À¸·Î »ý±â´Â ºÎÇÏ´Â °¢°¢ÀÇ µð½ºÅ©¿¡ ºÐ»êµÇ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. µð½ºÅ©¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â »óȲÀ̶ó¸é stripe size ¸¦ 32k ·Î Çغ¸½Ê½Ã¿À. stripe-#disk-product´Â 64k °¡ µÉ°Ì´Ï´Ù. ºí·Ï ±×·ìÀÇ Å©±â¸¦ 8 ºí·Ï ´ÜÀ§(32k)·Î ¹Ù²Ü¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î 32760ÀÇ ºí·Ï ±×·ì »çÀÌÁî°¡ ¾Ë¸ÂÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ºí·Ï ±×·ì °æ°è´Â stripe °æ°è¿Í ¸Â¾Æ ¶³¾îÁ®¾ßÇÕ´Ï´Ù. À§ÀÇ ¿¹Á¦¿¡¼´Â ¹®Á¦°¡ µÇÁö ¾ÊÁö¸¸ stripe size °¡ Å« °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¹®Á¦°¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. RAID-1chunk-size´Â µð½ºÅ©¿¡ ¾²±âÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÒ ¶§´Â º° Àǹ̰¡ ¾øÁö¸¸ Àб⸦ ÇÒ ¶§´Â ¾î·¹À̷κÎÅÍ ¾ó¸¶¸¸Å¾¿ ¿¬¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î Àоîµé¿©¿Í¾ß ÇÒ Áö¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇϹǷΠÁß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¸ðµç µð½ºÅ©°¡ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ» ´ã°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¾î¶² µð½ºÅ©¿¡¼ Àоîµé¿©ÇÏÇϴ°¡ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº RAID °èÃþ¿¡¼ ¾Ë¾Æ¼ ÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ µ¿ÀÛÀº Æò±Õ seek timeÀ» °³¼±Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¿øÇÏ´Â µ¥ÀÌÅÍ¿¡ Çìµå°¡ °¡Àå °¡±îÀÌ ÀÖ´Â µð½ºÅ©¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. RAID-4RAID-4 ¿¡ ¾²±âÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ¼öÇàµÈ ÈÄ¿¡´Â Æи®Æ¼ µð½ºÅ©ÀÇ Æи®Æ¼ Á¤º¸°¡ °»½ÅµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. RAID-4 ÀÇ Àбâ´Â RAID-0 °ú µ¿ÀÏÇϹǷΠRAID-4ÀÇ chunk-sizes ¿ª½Ã Àб⠼º´É¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä¨´Ï´Ù. RAID-5RAID-5ÀÇ Àбâ ÀÛ¾÷¿¡¼ÀÇ chunk size´Â RAID-0 ¿¡¼¿Í Àǹ̰¡ °°½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¸ RAID-5 ¿¡¼ÀÇ ¾²±â ÀÛ¾÷Àº Á» ´õ º¹ÀâÇÕ´Ï´Ù. RAID-5¿¡ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ°¡ ±â·ÏµÇ¸é ÇØ´ç Æи®Æ¼µµ °»½ÅµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Æи®Æ¼¸¦ °»½ÅÇÏ·Á¸é ´ÙÀ½ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Åë»óÀûÀ¸·Î RAID-5 ¿¡¼ÀÇ Àû´çÇÑ chunk-size´Â 128 kB ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. mke2fsÀÇ ¿É¼Ç¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇÑ ºÎºÐµµ Âü°íÇϽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ´Â RAID-5 ÀÇ ¼º´É°ú °ü°è°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 4.9 mke2fs ÀÇ ¿É¼Çmke2fs·Î RAID-4 ³ª RAID-5 ÀåÄ¡¸¦ Æ÷¸ËÇÒ ¶§ ¾µ ¼ö Àִ Ưº°ÇÑ ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
chunk-size °¡ 32 kB ¶õ °ÍÀº 32 kB ¸¸Å ¿¬¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î µð½ºÅ©¿¡ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ°¡ ±â·ÏµÈ´Ù´Â ¶æÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ext2 ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛ¿¡ 4kB ·Î block-size¸¦ Á¤ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸é, 8°³ÀÇ ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛ ºí·ÏÀÌ ÇϳªÀÇ array chunk¿¡ ±â·ÏµÇ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛÀ» »ý¼ºÇÒ ¶§ ¾²´Â mke2fs ·Î ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÁöÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. mke2fs -b 4096 -R stride=8 /dev/md0 RAID-{4,5} ÀÇ ¼º´ÉÀº ÀÌ ¿É¼Ç¿¡ Å« ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ½À´Ï´Ù. ext2fs ÀÇ blocksize ´Â ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛÀÇ ¼º´É¿¡ Áß´ëÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌĨ´Ï´Ù. ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛÀÇ Å©±â°¡ ¼ö¹é¸Þ°¡¹ÙÀÌÆ® ÀÌ»óÀ̶ó¸é Ç×»ó 4kB ÀÇ block size ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϽʽÿÀ. (¸¹Àº ¼öÀÇ ÀÛÀº ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì´Â Á¦¿Ü) 4.10 AutodetectionAutodetection Àº ½Ã½ºÅÛ ºÎÆýÿ¡ RAID ÀåÄ¡°¡ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ÀÎ½ÄµÇ°Ô ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é:
ÁÖÀÇ:ÆÄƼ¼Ç ŸÀÔÀ» ¹Ù²Ù·Á¸é RAID¸¦ ¸ØÃß¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
autodetection ±â´ÉÀÌ µ¿ÀÛÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ´Ù½Ã ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°í
ºÎÆðúÁ¤¿¡¼ º¸ÀÌ´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â ´ë·« ´ÙÀ½°ú °°½À´Ï´Ù: Oct 22 00:51:59 malthe kernel: SCSI device sdg: hdwr sector= 512 bytes. Sectors= 12657717 [6180 MB] [6.2 GB] Oct 22 00:51:59 malthe kernel: Partition check: Oct 22 00:51:59 malthe kernel: sda: sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4 Oct 22 00:51:59 malthe kernel: sdb: sdb1 sdb2 Oct 22 00:51:59 malthe kernel: sdc: sdc1 sdc2 Oct 22 00:51:59 malthe kernel: sdd: sdd1 sdd2 Oct 22 00:51:59 malthe kernel: sde: sde1 sde2 Oct 22 00:51:59 malthe kernel: sdf: sdf1 sdf2 Oct 22 00:51:59 malthe kernel: sdg: sdg1 sdg2 Oct 22 00:51:59 malthe kernel: autodetecting RAID arrays Oct 22 00:51:59 malthe kernel: (read) sdb1's sb offset: 6199872 Oct 22 00:51:59 malthe kernel: bind<sdb1,1> Oct 22 00:51:59 malthe kernel: (read) sdc1's sb offset: 6199872 Oct 22 00:51:59 malthe kernel: bind<sdc1,2> Oct 22 00:51:59 malthe kernel: (read) sdd1's sb offset: 6199872 Oct 22 00:51:59 malthe kernel: bind<sdd1,3> Oct 22 00:51:59 malthe kernel: (read) sde1's sb offset: 6199872 Oct 22 00:51:59 malthe kernel: bind<sde1,4> Oct 22 00:51:59 malthe kernel: (read) sdf1's sb offset: 6205376 Oct 22 00:51:59 malthe kernel: bind<sdf1,5> Oct 22 00:51:59 malthe kernel: (read) sdg1's sb offset: 6205376 Oct 22 00:51:59 malthe kernel: bind<sdg1,6> Oct 22 00:51:59 malthe kernel: autorunning md0 Oct 22 00:51:59 malthe kernel: running: <sdg1><sdf1><sde1><sdd1><sdc1><sdb1> Oct 22 00:51:59 malthe kernel: now! Oct 22 00:51:59 malthe kernel: md: md0: raid array is not clean -- starting background reconstructionÀÌ Ãâ·Â¹°Àº RAID-5 °¡ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀÎ Á¾·áµîÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ¿Ã¹Ù¸£°Ô ¼Ë´Ù¿î µÇÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ»¶§ ³ª¿À´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. À籸¼ºÀÌ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ½ÇÇàµË´Ï´Ù. Æи®Æ¼ Á¤º¸¸¸ ºÒÀÏÄ¡ÇÒ »Ó ½ÇÁ¦ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ¿¡´Â ÀÌ»óÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡´Â ¸¶¿îÆ®Çؼ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ºÎÆýÿ¡ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ÀÎ½ÄµÇ¸é ¼Ë´Ù¿îµµ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î µË´Ï´Ù. init ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½Å°æ¾µ ÇÊ¿äµµ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ±×³É ´Ù¸¥ /dev/sd ³ª /dev/hd Àåġó·³ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é µË´Ï´Ù. init ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡ ÀÖ´Â raidstart/raidstop ¸í·ÉÀº old-style RAID¸¦ À§ÇÑ °ÍÀ̹ǷΠÁö¿öµµ ¹«¹æÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 4.11 Booting on RAIDThere are several ways to set up a system that mounts it's root filesystem on a RAID device. Some distributions allow for RAID setup in the installation process, and this is by far the easiest way to get a nicely set up RAID system. »õ·ÎÀº LILO ´Â RAID-1 ÀåÄ¡¸¦ Áö¿øÇϱ⶧¹®¿¡ RAID ÀåÄ¡·Î ºÎÅÍ Ä¿³ÎÀÌ ÀûÀçµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Newer LILO distributions can handle RAID-1 devices, and thus the kernel can be loaded at boot-time from a RAID device. LILO will correctly write boot-records on all disks in the array, to allow booting even if the primary disk fails. The author does not yet know of any easy method for making the Grub boot-loader write the boot-records on all disks of a RAID-1. Please share your wisdom if you know how to do this. Another way of ensuring that your system can always boot is, to create
a boot floppy when all the setup is done. If the disk on which the
4.12 RAID ÀåÄ¡¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÏ´Â ·çÆ® ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛRAID µð½ºÅ©·Î ºÎÆÃÇϱâÀ§Çؼ´Â ·çÆ® ÆÄƼ¼Ç(/)ÀÌ RAIDµð½ºÅ©·Î ¸¶¿îÆ®µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. µÎ °¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀÌ Àִµ¥ ÇÑ °¡Áö´Â RAID°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ µð½ºÅ©¿¡ ¼³Ä¡µÈ ·çÆ®ÆÄƼ¼ÇÀ» RAIDµð½ºÅ©·Î ¿Å±â´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿äÁòÀÇ ¹èÆ÷ÆÇ¿¡¼´Â Ãʱ⠼³Ä¡½Ã¿¡ RAID¸¦ »ý¼ºÇؼ ¼³Ä¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº º° ¾µ¸ð°¡ ¾øÀ»°Ì´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±âÁ¸ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇؼ ÀÌÀüÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖÀ» °Ì´Ï´Ù. In order to have a system booting on RAID, the root filesystem (/) must be mounted on a RAID device. Two methods for achieving this is supplied bellow. The methods below assume that you install on a normal partition, and then - when the installation is complete - move the contents of your non-RAID root filesystem onto a new RAID device. Please not that this is no longer needed in general, as most newer GNU/Linux distributions support installation on RAID devices (and creation of the RAID devices during the installation process). However, you may still want to use the methods below, if you are migrating an existing system to RAID. 1¹ø ¹æ¹ýThis method assumes you have a spare disk you can install the system on, which is not part of the RAID you will be configuring.
If you're doing this with IDE disks, be sure to tell your BIOS that all disks are ``auto-detect'' types, so that the BIOS will allow your machine to boot even when a disk is missing. 2¹ø ¹æ¹ýThis method requires that your kernel and raidtools understand the
You can only use this method on RAID levels 1 and above, as the method uses an array in "degraded mode" which in turn is only possible if the RAID level has redundancy. The idea is to install a system on a disk which is purposely marked as failed in the RAID, then copy the system to the RAID which will be running in degraded mode, and finally making the RAID use the no-longer needed ``install-disk'', zapping the old installation but making the RAID run in non-degraded mode.
4.13 RAID ÀåÄ¡¿¡¼ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ºÎÆÃµÇ°Ô ¸¸µé±âFor the kernel to be able to mount the root filesystem, all support for the device on which the root filesystem resides, must be present in the kernel. Therefore, in order to mount the root filesystem on a RAID device, the kernel must have RAID support. The normal way of ensuring that the kernel can see the RAID device is to simply compile a kernel with all necessary RAID support compiled in. Make sure that you compile the RAID support into the kernel, and not as loadable modules. The kernel cannot load a module (from the root filesystem) before the root filesystem is mounted. However, since RedHat-6.0 ships with a kernel that has new-style RAID support as modules, I here describe how one can use the standard RedHat-6.0 kernel and still have the system boot on RAID. Booting with RAID as moduleYou will have to instruct LILO to use a RAM-disk in order to achieve
this. Use the mkinitrd --with=<module> <ramdisk name> <kernel>For example: mkinitrd --preload raid5 --with=raid5 raid-ramdisk 2.2.5-22 This will ensure that the specified RAID module is present at boot-time, for the kernel to use when mounting the root device. 4.14 Converting a non-RAID RedHat System to run on Software RAIDÀÌ ºÎºÐÀÇ ³»¿ëÀº IBMÀÇ Mark Price °¡ º¸³»ÁØ ³»¿ëÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¼Ò°³RAID ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´ø ¸®´ª½º ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» Software RAID ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ¸·Î Å»¹Ù²ÞÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ScopeRedhat 7.1 ¿¡¼ Å×½ºÆ®µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç Software RAID (md) °¡ Áö¿øµÇ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¹èÆ÷º»¿¡µµ Àû¿ë°¡´ÉÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Pre-conversion example systemÀÌ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡´Â sda, sdb µÎ °³ÀÇ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ Å©±âÀÇ ½ºÄ«½Ã µð½ºÅ©°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. µÎ µð½ºÅ©´Â ¶È°°Àº ÆÄƼ¼Ç ¼³Á¤À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ºí·ÏÅ©±â±îÁöµµ µ¿ÀÏÇÕ´Ï´Ù. DEVICE MOUNTPOINT SIZE DEVICE MOUNTPOINT SIZE /dev/sda1 / 2048MB /dev/sdb1 2048MB /dev/sda2 /boot 80MB /dev/sdb2 80MB /dev/sda3 /var/ 100MB /dev/sdb3 100MB /dev/sda4 SWAP 1024MB /dev/sdb4 SWAP 1024MBÀÌ ¿¹Á¦¿¡¼´Â µÎ °³ÀÇ ¹°¸®Àû µð½ºÅ©·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ´Â RAID-1 (¹Ì·¯¸µ) À» ¼³Á¤ÇØ º¸°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. 1 ´Ü°è - rescue cd ³ª floppy ·Î ºÎÆÃÇϱⷹµåÇÞ ¼³Ä¡ CD´Â rescue ¸ðµå·Î ºÎÆÃÇÏ¸é ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ ¹ß°ßµÇ´Â ¸ðµç ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛÀ» ¸¶¿îÆ®ÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀ» Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. lilo ÇÁ·ÒÇÁÆ®¿¡¼ ´ÙÀ½À» ÀÔ·ÂÇÕ´Ï´Ù. lilo: linux rescue ide=nodma À§¿Í °°ÀÌ ¼³Á¤À» Çϸé ÀνºÅç·¯°¡ ¾î¶² µð½ºÅ©¿¡ ·çÆ® ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛÀÌ µé¾îÀִ°¡¸¦ ¹°¾îº¸°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡¼´Â sda ¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ½Ã¸é µË´Ï´Ù. ÀνºÅç·¯´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛÀ» ¸¶¿îÆ®ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. DEVICE MOUNTPOINT TEMPORARY MOUNT POINT /dev/sda1 / /mnt/sysimage /dev/sda2 /boot /mnt/sysimage/boot /dev/sda3 /var /mnt/sysimage/var /dev/sda6 /home /mnt/sysimage/home ÁÖÀÇ: - ´Ù¸¥ ¹èÆ÷º»Àº ¸¶¿îÆ® Æ÷ÀÎÆ®ÀÇ À̸§ÀÌ ´Ù¸£°Å³ª ¼öµ¿À¸·Î ¸¶¿îÆ®ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 2 ´Ü°è - raidtab ÆÄÀÏ »ý¼ºÇϱâ/mnt/sysimage/etc/raidtab ÆÄÀÏ(ȤÀº ±×¿¡ »óÀÀÇÏ´Â À§Ä¡ÀÇ ÆÄÀÏ)À» »ý¼ºÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±× ¿¹´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°½À´Ï´Ù. raiddev /dev/md0 raid-level 1 nr-raid-disks 2 nr-spare-disks 0 chunk-size 4 persistent-superblock 1 device /dev/sda1 raid-disk 0 device /dev/sdb1 raid-disk 1 raiddev /dev/md1 raid-level 1 nr-raid-disks 2 nr-spare-disks 0 chunk-size 4 persistent-superblock 1 device /dev/sda2 raid-disk 0 device /dev/sdb2 raid-disk 1 raiddev /dev/md2 raid-level 1 nr-raid-disks 2 nr-spare-disks 0 chunk-size 4 persistent-superblock 1 device /dev/sda3 raid-disk 0 device /dev/sdb3 raid-disk 1 ÁÖÀÇ: - ÀåÄ¡µéÀ» ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ ¼ø¼·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±× ¿¹·Î ÀÌÁ¦ root ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛÀ» º¹»çÇØ ¿É´Ï´Ù. (rescue)# cp /mnt/sysimage/etc/raidtab /etc/raidtab 3 ´Ü°è - md ÀåÄ¡ »ý¼ºÇϱâµÎ °¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. /mnt/sysimage/dev ¿¡¼ ÀåÄ¡ ÆÄÀÏÀ» º¹»çÇØ ¿À°Å³ª mknod ·Î ¸¸µé¸é µË´Ï´Ù. md ÀåÄ¡´Â major number°¡ 9 ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. (rescue)# mknod /dev/md0 b 9 0 (rescue)# mknod /dev/md1 b 9 1 (rescue)# mknod /dev/md2 b 9 2 4 ´Ü°è - ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛ ¾ð¸¶¿îÆ®Çϱâraid ÀåÄ¡¸¦ ±âµ¿ÇÏ°í µ¿±âÈÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â ¸ÕÀú Àӽà ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛµéÀ» ¾ð¸¶¿îÆ®ÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. (rescue)# umount /mnt/sysimage/var (rescue)# umount /mnt/sysimage/boot (rescue)# umount /mnt/sysimage/proc (rescue)# umount /mnt/sysimage 5 ´Ü°è - raid ÀåÄ¡ ±âµ¿Çϱâ/dev/sda1, /dev/sda2, /dev/sda3 ¿¡ ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î raid ÀåÄ¡¸¦ °Á¦·Î °¡µ¿½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. (rescue)# mkraid --really-force /dev/md2 ÁøÇà»óȲ, »óÅÂ, Áøôµµ µîÀ» /proc/mdstat ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÅëÇØ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. /boot ¿Í / ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛµµ °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ» Àû¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. (rescue)# mkraid --really-force /dev/md1 (rescue)# mkraid --really-force /dev/md0 md µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â ÇÑ ¹ø¿¡ ÇÑ ÀåÄ¡¾¿ µ¿±âÈÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. 6 ´Ü°è - ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛµéÀ» ´Ù½Ã ¸¶¿îÆ®ÇϱâÀÌÁ¦ µ¿±âÈµÈ ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛµéÀ» /mnt/sysimage ·Î ¸¶¿îÆ®ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. (rescue)# mount /dev/md0 /mnt/sysimage (rescue)# mount /dev/md1 /mnt/sysimage/boot (rescue)# mount /dev/md2 /mnt/sysimage/var 7 ´Ü°è- root µð·ºÅ丮 ¹Ù²Ù±âÇöÀç µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ·çÆ® µð·ºÅ丮·Î ¹Ù²ß´Ï´Ù. (rescue)# chroot /mnt/sysimage 8 ´Ü°è - ¼³Á¤ ÆÄÀÏ ¼öÁ¤Çϱâmd µð¹ÙÀ̽º·Î ºÎÆÃÇÏ°í md µð¹ÙÀ̽º¸¦ ¸¶¿îÆ®ÇÏ·Á¸é /etc/fstab ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¾Ë¸Â°Ô º¯°æÇØ ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÁÖÀÇ: - boot device ´Â /dev/sda °¡ µÇ°í root device ´Â /dev/md0 ·Î ¼³Á¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. boot=/dev/sda map=/boot/map install=/boot/boot.b prompt timeout=50 message=/boot/message linear default=linux image=/boot/vmlinuz label=linux read-only root=/dev/md0
/dev/md0 / ext3 defaults 1 1 /dev/md1 /boot ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/md2 /var ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/sda4 swap swap defaults 0 0 9 ´Ü°è - LILO ½ÇÇàÇϱâWith the 10 ´Ü°è - ÆÄƼ¼Ç ŸÀÔ ¹Ù²Ù±âmd ¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â µð½ºÅ©µéÀÇ ÆÄƼ¼Ç ŸÀÔÀº ¸ðµÎ 0xFD À̾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 't' ¿É¼ÇÀ¸·Î ÆÄƼ¼ÇÀÇ Å¸ÀÔÀ» º¯°æÇÕ´Ï´Ù. (rescue)# fdisk /dev/sda (rescue)# fdisk /dev/sdb 'w' ¿É¼ÇÀ¸·Î º¯°æµÈ ÆÄƼ¼Ç Å×À̺íÀ» ÀúÀåÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 11 ´Ü°è - ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛ Å©±â º¯°æÇϱâraid ÀåÄ¡¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÏ°ÔµÇ¸é µÎ¹ø° ¼öÆÛºí·ÏÀÌ ÆÄƼ¼ÇÀÇ ³¡ºÎºÐ¿¡ ÀúÀåµÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¹°¸®Àû ÆÄƼ¼ÇÀÇ Å©±â°¡ ¾à°£ ÁÙ¾îµé°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ »óÅ¿¡¼ ¸®ºÎÆÃÀ» ÇÏ°ÔµÇ¸é ¼öÆÛºí·ÏÀÌ ¼Õ»óµÆ´Ù´Â ¸Þ¼¼Áö°¡ ³ª¿À¸ç ºÎÆÃÀÌ µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» °Ì´Ï´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ÀçºÎÆÃÇϱâ Àü¿¡ ±× ºÎºÐÀ» Á¶Á¤ÇØ ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ·çÆ®ÆÄƼ¼ÇÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ¸ðµç md ±â¹Ý ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛÀÌ ¾ð¸¶¿îÆ® µÇ¾ú´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÏ°í ·çÆ®ÆÄƼ¼ÇÀ» read-only ·Î ¸¶¿îÆ®ÇϽʽÿÀ. (rescue)# mount / -o remount,ro ¸ðµç md ÀåÄ¡¸¦ fsck Ç϶ó´Â ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ º¸°Ô µÉ °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ·çÆ®ÆÄƼ¼ÇÀ» Àбâ Àü¿ëÀ¸·Î ¸¶¿îÆ®ÇÏ´Â °Ì´Ï´Ù. -f ¿É¼ÇÀº ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾ø´Â ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛÀÏÁö¶óµµ °Á¦·Î fsck ¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÏ°Ô ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. (rescue)# e2fsck -f /dev/md0 ÀÌ ¸í·ÉÀº inconsistent sizes ¿Í ¼öÆÛºí·Ï ¼Õ»óÀ» ÀÌÀ¯·Î ¿¡·¯¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ ³»º¸³¾ °Ì´Ï´Ù. 'Abort?' ÇÏ·Á¸é N À» ÀÔ·ÂÇϽʽÿÀ. (rescue)# resize2fs /dev/md0 ÇØ´çµÇ´Â ¸ðµç 12 ´Ü°è - Á¡°Ë»çÇ×ÀÌÁ¦´Â ¸®ºÎÆÃÀ» ÇÒ Â÷·ÊÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸®ºÎÆÃÇϱâ Àü¿¡ ¾Æ·¡ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ºüÁü ¾øÀÌ È®ÀÎÇϽʽÿÀ.
13 ´Ü°è - ÀçºÎÆÃÇϱâÀÌÁ¦ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ÀçºÎÆÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ºÎÆÃµÇ¸é¼ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î md ÀåÄ¡¸¦ ÀνÄÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. root ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛÀº ÀÌÁ¦ ¹Ì·¯¸µµÈ °Ì´Ï´Ù. 4.15 ÁÖÀÇ»çÇ×µ¿ÀÛÁßÀÎ RAID ÀÇ ±¸¼º µð½ºÅ©ÀÇ ÆÄƼ¼ÇÀ» Àý´ë·Î ¹Ù²ÙÁö ¸¶½Ê½Ã¿À. ²À ±×·¡¾ß ÇÑ´Ù¸é RAID¸¦ ¸ØÃá´ÙÀ½ ÇϽʽÿÀ. It is easy to put too many disks on a bus. A normal Fast-Wide SCSI bus can sustain 10 MB/s which is less than many disks can do alone today. Putting six such disks on the bus will of course not give you the expected performance boost. It is becoming equally easy to saturate the PCI bus - remember, a normal 32-bit 33 MHz PCI bus has a theoretical maximum bandwidth of around 133 MB/sec, considering command overhead etc. you will see a somewhat lower real-world transfer rate. Some disks today has a throughput in excess of 30 MB/sec, so just four of those disks will actually max out your PCI bus! When designing high-performance RAID systems, be sure to take the whole I/O path into consideration - there are boards with more PCI busses, with 64-bit and 66 MHz busses, and with PCI-X. More SCSI controllers will only give you extra performance, if the SCSI busses are nearly maxed out by the disks on them. You will not see a performance improvement from using two 2940s with two old SCSI disks, instead of just running the two disks on one controller. persistent-superblock ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ´©¶ôµÇ¾ú´Ù¸é array ¸¦ Á¤ÁöÇß´Ù°¡ ´Ù½Ã µ¿ÀÛ½Ãų¶§ µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» °Ì´Ï´Ù. raidtab ¿¡ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ¿Ã¹Ù¸£°Ô ¼³Á¤ÇÏ°í array ¸¦ ´Ù½Ã ¸¸µå½Ê½Ã¿À. ¹°·Ð array ÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â ¼Ò½ÇµË´Ï´Ù. RAID-5 ¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â µð½ºÅ©¸¦ ±³Ã¼ÇÑ µÚ À籸¼ºÀÌ ½ÇÆÐÇϸé raidtabÀÇ device ¼ø¼ ¶§¹®Àϼö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. raidtabÀÇ Ã¹ ÁÙÀÇ "device ..." ¿Í "raid-disk ..." ºÎºÐÀ» array ¼ø¼ÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸·ºÎºÐÀ¸·Î ¿Å°Ü º¸½Ã±â ¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù. 5. ¼º´É½ÃÇèRAIDÀÇ °áÇÔÇã¿ë ±â´ÉÀÌ Á¤¸» ÀÛµ¿µÇ´ÂÁö, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¼³Á¤ÀÌ Àß µÇ¾ú´ÂÁö ½ÃÇèÇØ º¼ Â÷·ÊÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ¾î¶»°Ô µð½ºÅ©°¡ °íÀå³ »óȲÀ» ¸ðÀÇÇÒ±î¿ä? The short story is, that you can't, except perhaps for putting a fire axe thru the drive you want to "simulate" the fault on. You can never know what will happen if a drive dies. It may electrically take the bus it is attached to with it, rendering all drives on that bus inaccessible. I have never heard of that happening though, but it is entirely possible. The drive may also just report a read/write fault to the SCSI/IDE layer, which in turn makes the RAID layer handle this situation gracefully. This is fortunately the way things often go. 5.1 ¸ðÀÇ·Î µð½ºÅ© Àå¾Ö »óȲÀ» ¸¸µé±â¸ðÀÇ·Î µð½ºÅ© Àå¾Ö »óȲÀ» ¸¸µé·Á¸é µð½ºÅ© Çϳª¸¦ »©½Ê½Ã¿À. ¹°·Ð ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ²¨Áø »óÅ¿¡¼ »©¾ßÇÕ´Ï´Ù. If you are interested in testing whether your data can survive with a disk less than the usual number, there is no point in being a hot-plug cowboy here. Take the system down, unplug the disk, and boot it up again. syslog ¿Í µð½ºÅ© Àå¾Ö¸¦ ±Øº¹ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº RAID-{1,4,5} ¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¸í½ÉÇϽʽÿÀ. Linear ³ª RAID-0 Àº ±¸¼º µð½ºÅ©°¡ ¾ø¾îÁö¸é ±×´ë·Î ³¡ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. µð½ºÅ©¸¦ ¿¬°áÇÏ°í(¹°·Ð Àü¿øÀ» ²ö ÈÄ) 5.2 ¸ðÀÇ·Î µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ¿À·ù »óȲ¸¸µé±âRAID´Â (Çϵå¿þ¾î ¹æ½ÄÀÌµç ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ¹æ½ÄÀ̵ç), µð½ºÅ©¿¡ ±â·ÏÇÑ µÚ ¿¡·¯°¡ ¸®ÅϵÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾ø´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î °£ÁÖÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ¹°·Ð ÀÌ´Â ¹ß»ýÇÒ È®·üÀÌ ±ØÈ÷ µå¹°Áö¸¸ ÀÌ·¸°Ô µÈ´Ù¸é ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛ¿¡µµ ¿À·ù°¡ »ý±â°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. RAID cannot and is not supposed to guard against data corruption on
the media. Therefore, it doesn't make any sense either, to purposely
corrupt data (using RAID´Â µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ¹«°á¼ºÀ» º¸ÀåÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. µð½ºÅ©ÀÇ Àå¾Ö¸¦ ±Øº¹ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀüºÎÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 6. À籸¼º¿©·¯ºÐ²²¼ ÀÌ ¹®¼ÀÇ ³ª¸ÓÁö¸¦ ÀÐÀ¸¼Ì´Ù¸é ´ëÃæ °¨ÀÌ ¿À½Ç°Ì´Ï´Ù. ¿ä¾àÇÏÀÚ¸é,
´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀº Martin Bene ¾¾°¡ º¸³»ÁØ ³»¿ëÀ̸ç À§¿¡ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÇ Àå¾Ö·Î ºÎÅÍ
º¹±¸ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ ºÎºÐÀº 6.1 ¿©·¯ °³ÀÇ µð½ºÅ© Àå¾Ö·Î ºÎÅÍÀÇ º¹±¸»óȲÀº ÀÌ·¸½À´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ·²¶§¿¡´Â À̸¦ À§Çؼ´Â ÃÖ½ÅÀÇ array ¸¦ ±âµ¿ÇÒ ¶§ ±â·ÏµÇ´Â ³»¿ëÀ» syslog ¿¡¼ È®ÀÎÇϸé, °¢ superblock ÀÇ À̺¥Æ® Ä«¿îÆ®¸¦ º¸½Ç ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. º¸Åë ±× Áß °¡Àå ³·Àº ¼ýÀÚ(°¡Àå ¿À·¡µÈ °Í)¸¦ ÅÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù. ÁÖÀÇ :
7. ¼º´É (Performance)½ÇÁ¦·Î software RAID ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ ÃøÁ¤µÈ º¥Ä¡¸¶Å· ÀڷḦ ¼Ò°³ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¼º´ÉÃøÁ¤Àº ÀÌ ÀÚ·á´Â ÇϳªÀÇ Å« ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ÀÔ/Ãâ·Â ´ë¿ªÆø¸¸À» ÃøÁ¤ÇÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´ë¿ë·®ÀÇ Àбâ/¾²±â¿¡¼ÀÇ I/O ´ë¿ªÆø ÃÖ´ëÄ¡¿¡ °üÁ¡À» µÐ´Ù¸é ÀÌ ÀÚ·áµéÀº À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô ¾²ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ´º½º±×·ì ¼¹ö³ª À¥ ¼¹ö µîÀ» ¿ëµµ·Î ÇÏ´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼´Â Å« Àǹ̰¡ ¾øÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÚ·á´Â ¾îµð±îÁö³ª ¸ðÀÇ·Î ½ÇÇèµÈ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Âü°í¸¸ ÇϽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù. ¼º´É ÃøÁ¤¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ »ç¾çÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°½À´Ï´Ù.
U2W ÄÜÆ®·Ñ·¯¿¡ ¼¼ °³ÀÇ U2W µð½ºÅ©°¡ ¿¬°áµÇ¾îÀÖ°í, UW ÄÜÆ®·Ñ·¯¿¡ UW µð½ºÅ© Çϳª°¡ ¿¬°áµÇ¾îÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. RAID ÀÇ »ç¿ë¿©ºÎ¸¦ ¶°³ª¼ ÀÌ »ç¾çÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ SCSI ¹ö½º¸¦ ÅëÇØ 30 MB/s ÀÌ»óÀÇ ´ë¿ªÆøÀ» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ¾ø¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ÀÌ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ±¸ÇüÀε¥´Ù°¡ ¸Þ¸ð¸®ÀÇ ´ë¿ªÆøÀÌ ³·±â ¶§¹®À̾ú´ø°Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. 7.1 RAID-0Àбâ´Â ¿¬¼ÓµÈ ºí·ÏµéÀÇ ÀÔ·ÂÀ̸ç, ¾²±â´Â ¿¬¼ÓµÈ ºí·ÏµéÀÇ Ãâ·ÂÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÃøÁ¤¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ Å©±â´Â 1GB À̸ç single-user ¸ðµå¿¡¼ ¼öÇàµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. TCQ ±â´ÉÀº »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù.
RAID ÀÇ chunk-size ´Â º° ¿µÇâÀÌ ¾ø¾îº¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ IA-32 ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ ext2fs ÀÇ block-size ´Â 4kB(page size)¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù. 7.2 TCQ ¸¦ Àû¿ëÇÑ RAID-0À̹ø¿¡´Â SCSI µå¶óÀ̹ö¿¡ Å©±â 8ÀÇ queue depth TCQ ¸¦ Àû¿ëÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. º° Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ¾ø¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
TCQ °¡ ¾à°£ÀÇ ¾²±â ¼º´ÉÀ» Çâ»ó½ÃÄ×À¸³ª ÀüüÀûÀ¸·Î´Â Å« Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ¾ø¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. 7.3 RAID-5RAID-5 ¿¡¼ °°Àº ÃøÁ¤À» ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.
À̹ø¿¡´Â chunk-size ¿Í block-size ÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸¥ °á°ú°¡ ³ª¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù. 7.4 RAID-10RAID-10 Àº mirrored stripes ·Î½á, µÎ °³ÀÇ RAID-0 ·Î RAID-1 ¸¦ ±¸ÇöÇÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. RAID-10 is ``mirrored stripes'', or, a RAID-1 array of two RAID-0 arrays. chunk-size ´Â RAID-1 °ú RAID-0 array ¸ðµÎ °°°Ô ¼³Á¤Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ¼·Î ´Ù¸¥ Å©±âÀÇ chunk-size µµ °¡´ÉÇÏÁö¸¸ ÃøÁ¤Çغ¸Áö ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù.
ÃøÁ¤¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ Å©±â´Â 900MB ¿´À¸¸ç ³× °³ÀÇ 500MB ÆÄƼ¼ÇÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î °ø°£ÀÌ ÃæºÐÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ °ü°è(µÎ °³ÀÇ 1000MB array ·Î µÈ »óȲ)·Î 1GB ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö °¡ ¾ø¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. 8. °ü·Ã ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ¹®¼¿¡´Â ¾øÁö¸¸ Software-RAID À» ¿î¿µÇϴµ¥ À¯¿ëÇÑ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µéÀÌ °³¹ßÁßÀ̰ųª °³¹ßµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 8.1
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