Submitting Patches
How to Get Your Change Into the Linux Kernel
or
Care And Operation Of Your Linus Torvalds
¸®´ª½º Ä¿³Î¿¡ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ¹Ý¿µÇÏ´Â ¹ý
ȤÀº
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Linux Torvalds¸¦ Ä¡·áÇÏ°í ¼ö¼úÇÏ´Â ¹ý
For a person or company who wishes to submit a change to the Linux
kernel, the process can sometimes be daunting if you're not familiar
with "the system." This text is a collection of suggestions which
can greatly increase the chances of your change being accepted.
¸®´ª½º Ä¿³Î¿¡ ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ Àû¿ëÇÏ°í ½ÍÀº °³ÀÎÀ̳ª ȸ»çÀÇ °æ¿ì, "½Ã½ºÅÛ"¿¡ Àͼ÷ÇÏÁö
¾Ê´Ù¸é ±× ÀýÂ÷¿¡ ´Ù¼Ò Ç®ÀÌ Á×À» ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹®¼´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡µéÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ ¹Ý¿µµÉ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Çϱâ À§ÇÑ Á¦¾ÈµéÀ» ´ã°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Read Documentation/SubmitChecklist for a list of items to check
before submitting code. If you are submitting a driver, also read
Documentation/SubmittingDrivers.
Äڵ带 Á¦ÃâÇϱâ Àü, üũÇغ¼ ¸ñ·ÏµéÀ» À§ÇØ Documentation/SubmitChecklist¸¦ Àоî¶ó.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ Á¦ÃâÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é Documentation/SubmittingDrivers ¶ÇÇÑ Àоî¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
SECTION 1 - CREATING AND SENDING YOUR CHANGE
¼½¼Ç 1 - ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î º¸³»±â
1) "diff -up"
1) "diff -up"
Use "diff -up" or "diff -uprN" to create patches.
ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ¸¸µé±â À§ÇØ "diff -up" ³ª "diff -uprN"À» »ç¿ëÇ϶ó.
All changes to the Linux kernel occur in the form of patches, as
generated by diff(1). When creating your patch, make sure to create it
in "unified diff" format, as supplied by the '-u' argument to diff(1).
Also, please use the '-p' argument which shows which C function each
change is in - that makes the resultant diff a lot easier to read.
Patches should be based in the root kernel source directory,
not in any lower subdirectory.
¸®´ª½º Ä¿³ÎÀÇ ¸ðµç º¯°æ»çÇ×µéÀº diff(1)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¸¸À»¾îÁö±â ¶§¹®¿¡
ÆÐÄ¡ÀÇ ÇüÅ·Π³ªÅ¸³»¾îÁø´Ù. ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ¸¸µé¶§´Â '-u' ¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© "unified diff" ¾ç½ÄÀ¸·Î
¸¸µé¾î¶ó. ¶ÇÇÑ '-p' ¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© º¯°æµÈ ¿µ¿ªÀÇ C ÇÔ¼öÀ̸§À» ³ªÅ¸³»¾î¶ó. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Àб⠽¬¿î ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î ³¾ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÆÐÄ¡´Â Ä¿³Î ¼Ò½ºÀÇ ÇÏÀ§ µð·ºÅ丮°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ·çÆ® µð·ºÅ丮¸¦
±âÁØÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
To create a patch for a single file, it is often sufficient to do:
ÇϳªÀÇ ÆÄÀϸ¸À» À§ÇÑ ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ¸¸µé·Á¸é ÈçÈ÷ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇÑ´Ù.
SRCTREE= linux-2.6
MYFILE= drivers/net/mydriver.c
To create a patch for multiple files, you should unpack a "vanilla",
or unmodified kernel source tree, and generate a diff against your
own source tree. For example:
cd $SRCTREE cp $MYFILE $MYFILE.orig vi $MYFILE # make your change cd .. diff -up $SRCTREE/$MYFILE{.orig,} > /tmp/patch SRCTREE= linux-2.6 MYFILE= drivers/net/mydriver.c cd $SRCTREE cp $MYFILE $MYFILE.orig vi $MYFILE # make your change cd .. diff -up $SRCTREE/$MYFILE{.orig,} > /tmp/patch º¹¼ö°³ÀÇ ÆÄÀϵéÀ» À§ÇÑ ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ¸¸µé±â À§Çؼ´Â "vanilla(¿ªÀÚÁÖ: ÀüÇô
¼Õ´ëÁö ¾ÊÀº ¿ø·¡ÀÇ ¾ÐÃà ÆÄÀÏ ÇüÅÂÀÇ Ä¿³Î ¼Ò½º)"¸¦ ¾ÐÃàÇØÁö Çϰųª Ä¿³Î ¼Ò½º Æ®¸®¸¦
º¯°æÇÏÁö ¸»¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¼Ò½º Æ®¸®¿Í diff¸¦ ÇÏ¿© ¸¸µé¾î³½´Ù.
¿¹¸¦ µé¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
MYSRC= /devel/linux-2.6
"dontdiff" is a list of files which are generated by the kernel during
the build process, and should be ignored in any diff(1)-generated
patch. The "dontdiff" file is included in the kernel tree in
2.6.12 and later. For earlier kernel versions, you can get it
from <http://www.xenotime.net/linux/doc/dontdiff>.
tar xvfz linux-2.6.12.tar.gz mv linux-2.6.12 linux-2.6.12-vanilla diff -uprN -X linux-2.6.12-vanilla/Documentation/dontdiff \ linux-2.6.12-vanilla $MYSRC > /tmp/patch
MYSRC= /devel/linux-2.6
tar xvfz linux-2.6.12.tar.gz mv linux-2.6.12 linux-2.6.12-vanilla diff -uprN -X linux-2.6.12-vanilla/Documentation/dontdiff \ linux-2.6.12-vanilla $MYSRC > /tmp/patch
"dontdiff"´Â build °úÁ¤ Áß¿¡ Ä¿³ÎÀÌ ¸¸µé¾î³»´Â ÆÄÀϵéÀÇ ¸®½ºÆ®ÀÌ¸ç ±× ÆÄÀϵéÀº diff(1)°¡ ¸¸µé¾î³»´Â ÆÐÄ¡¿¡¼ ¹«½ÃµÈ´Ù. "dontdiff" ÆÄÀÏÀº 2.6.12 ÀÌ»óÀÇ Ä¿³Î Æ®¸®¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Ù. ±×º¸´Ù ¾Õ¹öÁ¯µéÀÇ Ä¿³ÎÀÇ °æ¿ì, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ´ÙÀ½¿¡¼ dontdiffÆÄÀÏÀ» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
<http://www.xenotime.net/linux/doc/dontdiff>.
Make sure your patch does not include any extra files which do not
belong in a patch submission. Make sure to review your patch -after-
generated it with diff(1), to ensure accuracy.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡°¡ Á¦ÃâÇÏ·Á´Â ÆÐÄ¡¿¡ ÇØ´çµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ±âŸ ´Ù¸¥ ÆÄÀϵéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï Ç϶ó. diff(1)¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î ³½ ÀÌÈÄ¿¡µµ Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ °ËÅäÇ϶ó.
If your changes produce a lot of deltas, you may want to look into
splitting them into individual patches which modify things in
logical stages. This will facilitate easier reviewing by other
kernel developers, very important if you want your patch accepted.
There are a number of scripts which can aid in this:
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ º¯°æÀÌ ¸¹Àº µ¨Å¸(¿ªÀÚÁÖ:ºÎ¼öÀûÀÎ °Í)¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î³½´Ù¸é ³í¸®ÀûÀÎ ´Ü°è·Î ±¸ºÐÇÏ¿© °¢°¢ÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡µé·Î ³ª´©°í ½ÍÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¸°ÔÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ´Ù¸¥ Ä¿³Î °³¹ßÀÚµéÀÇ °ËÅ並 ´õ ½±°ÔÇϸç ÀÌ´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡°¡ ¹Ý¿µµÇ±æ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù¸é ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·± ³ë·ÂÀ» µµ¿ï¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸¹Àº ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
Andrew Morton's patch scripts:
http://www.zip.com.au/~akpm/linux/patches/
Instead of these scripts, quilt is the recommended patch management
tool (see above).
ÀÌ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®µé ´ë½Å quilt°¡ ÃßõµÇ´Â ÆÐÄ¡°ü¸® ÅøÀÌ´Ù.(À§¸¦ º¸¶ó)
Andrew Morton's patch scripts:
http://www.zip.com.au/~akpm/linux/patches/
2) Describe your changes.
2) ÆÐÄ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³¸í
Describe the technical detail of the change(s) your patch includes.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡°¡ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¼öÁ¤»çÇ׵鿡 ´ëÇÏ¿© ±â¼úÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÚ¼¼ÇÏ°Ô ¼³¸íÇ϶ó.
Be as specific as possible. The WORST descriptions possible include
things like "update driver X", "bug fix for driver X", or "this patch
includes updates for subsystem X. Please apply."
°¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÑ ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô Ç϶ó. ÁÁÁö ¾ÊÀº ¼³¸íµéÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº °ÍµéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
"µå¶óÀ̹ö XÀÇ ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®", "µå¶óÀ̹ö XÀÇ ¹ö±× ¼öÁ¤", "ÀÌ ÆÐÄ¡´Â subsystem X¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. ¹Ý¿µÇØ´Þ¶ó"
If your description starts to get long, that's a sign that you probably
need to split up your patch. See #3, next.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¼³¸íÀÌ ±æ°Ô ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù¸é ¾Æ¸¶µµ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ´õ ³ª´©¾î¾ß ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â
½ÅÈ£ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½, 3¹øÀ» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó.
3) Separate your changes.
3) ÆÐÄ¡ ³ª´©±â
Separate _logical changes_ into a single patch file.
³í¸®ÀûÀÎ ´ÜÀ§¸¶´Ù ÇϳªÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡ÆÄÀÏ·Î ³ª´©¾î¶ó
For example, if your changes include both bug fixes and performance
enhancements for a single driver, separate those changes into two
or more patches. If your changes include an API update, and a new
driver which uses that new API, separate those into two patches.
¿¹¸¦µé¾î ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¼öÁ¤ÀÌ ÇϳªÀÇ µå¶óÀ̹ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ö±× ¼öÁ¤°ú ¼º´É Çâ»ó µÑ ´Ù¸¦
Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é ±× ¼öÁ¤µéÀ» 2°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡µé·Î ³ª´©¾î¶ó. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¼öÁ¤ÀÌ API ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®¿Í
»õ·Î¿î API¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â »õ·Î¿î µå¶óÀ̹ö·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³´Ù¸é 2°³ÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡·Î ³ª´©¾î¶ó.
On the other hand, if you make a single change to numerous files,
group those changes into a single patch. Thus a single logical change
is contained within a single patch.
´Ù¸¥ ÇÑÆí, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÇϳªÀÇ ¼öÁ¤À» ¸¹Àº ÆÄÀϵé·Î ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù¸é ±×·¯ÇÑ ¼öÁ¤µéÀ» ÇϳªÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡ÆÄÀÏ·Î
¹¾î¶ó. ±×·¸°ÔÇؼ ÇϳªÀÇ ³í¸®Àû ´ÜÀ§ÀÇ ¼öÁ¤Àº ÇϳªÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡³»¿¡ ´ã¾ÆÁú ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù.
If one patch depends on another patch in order for a change to be
complete, that is OK. Simply note "this patch depends on patch X"
in your patch description.
ÇÑ ÆÐÄ¡°¡ ¿ÏÀüÇØÁö±âÀ§ÇÏ¿© ´Ù¸¥ ÆÐÄ¡¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÀûÀÏ °æ¿ìµµ ¹®Á¦ ¾ø´Ù. °£´ÜÇÏ°Ô
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡¼³¸í¿¡ ´Ù¸§°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºÇ϶ó. "ÀÌ ÆÐÄ¡´Â ÆÐÄ¡ X¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÀûÀÌ´Ù."
If you cannot condense your patch set into a smaller set of patches,
then only post say 15 or so at a time and wait for review and integration.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ´õ ÀÛÀº ÆÐÄ¡µéÀÇ ¹À½À¸·Î °£Ã߸± ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é ÀÏ´Ü Æ÷½ºÆ®Ç϶ó.
±×¸®°í 15ºÐ Á¤µµ °ËÅä¿Í ÅëÇÕÀ» ±â´Ù·Á¶ó.
4) Style check your changes.
4) ¼öÁ¤µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½ºÅ¸ÀÏ Ã¼Å©
Check your patch for basic style violations, details of which can be
found in Documentation/CodingStyle. Failure to do so simply wastes
the reviewers time and will get your patch rejected, probably
without even being read.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡°¡ Documentation/CodingStyle ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ½ºÅ¸ÀÏÀ» À§¹ÝÇÏ°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö üũÇ϶ó. ½ºÅ¸ÀÏÀ» ÁöÅ°Áö ¾Ê°Ô µÇ¸é °ËÅäÇØÁÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ½Ã°£À» ³¶ºñÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ°í ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡´Â ¾Æ¸¶µµ ÀÐÇôÁö±â´Â Ä¿³ç ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©ÁöÁöµµ ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
At a minimum you should check your patches with the patch style
checker prior to submission (scripts/checkpatch.pl). You should
be able to justify all violations that remain in your patch.
¿©·¯ºÐÀº ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ Á¦ÃâÇϱâ Àü¿¡ ½ºÅ¸ÀÏ Ã¼Ä¿(scripts/checkpatch.pl)¸¦ °¡Áö°í
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡µéÀ» äũÇغÁ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ÆÐÄ¡¿¡ ³²¾ÆÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç À§¹Ý»çÇ×µéÀ» Á¤´çÈÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
5) Select e-mail destination.
5) À̸ÞÀÏ ¼ö½Å ¼±ÅÃ
Look through the MAINTAINERS file and the source code, and determine
if your change applies to a specific subsystem of the kernel, with
an assigned maintainer. If so, e-mail that person.
MAINTAINERS ÆÄÀÏ°ú ¼Ò½ºÄڵ带 Äf¾îº¸°í ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¼öÁ¤ÀÌ Ä¿³ÎÀÇ ¾î¶²
subsystem¿¡ ±¹ÇÑµÈ °ÍÀÎÁö, ƯÁ¤ ¸ÞÀÎÅ×ÀÌ³Ê¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ºÎºÐÀÎÁö¸¦ »ìÆì¶ó.
±×¸®°í³ª¼ ±× »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¸ÞÀÏÀ» º¸³»¶ó.
If no maintainer is listed, or the maintainer does not respond, send
your patch to the primary Linux kernel developer's mailing list,
linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org. Most kernel developers monitor this
e-mail list, and can comment on your changes.
¾î¶² ¸ÞÀÎÅ×À̳ʵµ ¸í½ÃµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°Å³ª ¸ÞÀÎÅ×À̳ʰ¡ ÀÀ´äÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ °¡Àå ÁÖ¿äÇÑ ¸®´ª½º Ä¿³ÎÀÇ ¸ÞÀϸµ ¸®½ºÆ®ÀÎ linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
·Î º¸³»¶ó. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Ä¿³Î °³¹ßÀÚµéÀº ÀÌ ¸ÞÀϸµ ¸®½ºÆ®¸¦ º¸°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ
¼öÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÇ°ßÀ» °³ÁøÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Do not send more than 15 patches at once to the vger mailing lists!!!
Çѹø¿¡ 15°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ vger ¸ÞÀϸµ ¸®½ºÆ®·Î º¸³»Áö ¸¶¶ó!!!
Linus Torvalds is the final arbiter of all changes accepted into the
Linux kernel. His e-mail address is <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>.
He gets a lot of e-mail, so typically you should do your best to -avoid-
sending him e-mail.
Linux Torvalds´Â ¸®´ª½º Ä¿³Î¿¡ ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©Áú ¸ðµç ¼öÁ¤µéÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· ÁßÀçÀÎÀÌ´Ù.
±×ÀÇ À̸ÞÀÏ ÁÖ¼Ò´Â <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>ÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ¸¹Àº ¸ÞÀÏÀ» ¹Þ±â
¶§¹®¿¡ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ±×¿¡°Ô ¸ÞÀÏÀ» º¸³»´Â °ÍÀ» ÃÖ´ëÇÑ ÇÇÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
Patches which are bug fixes, are "obvious" changes, or similarly
require little discussion should be sent or CC'd to Linus. Patches
which require discussion or do not have a clear advantage should
usually be sent first to linux-kernel. Only after the patch is
discussed should the patch then be submitted to Linus.
¹ö±×¸¦ ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ÆÐÄ¡¿Í °°Àº "¸í¹éÇÑ" ¼öÁ¤ ÆÐÄ¡µé ¶Ç´Â ±×¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô
°ÅÀÇ Åä·ÐÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¼öÁ¤µéÀº Linux¸¦ ÂüÁ¶·Î(CC)·Î Çؼ º¸³»¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
Åä·ÐÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î Çϰųª ºÐ¸íÇÑ ÀÌÁ¡ÀÌ ¾ø´Â ÆÐÄ¡µéÀº ´ë°³ linux-kernel·Î ¸ÕÀú
º¸³»Á®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ÃæºÐÈ÷ Åä·ÐÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡ Linux¿¡°Ô º¸³»¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
6) Select your CC (e-mail carbon copy) list.
6) ÂüÁ¶¸ñ·ÏÀÇ ¼±ÅÃ
Unless you have a reason NOT to do so, CC linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org.
Ưº°ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ¾ø´Ù¸é Ç×»ó linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org¸¦ ÂüÁ¶·Î ³Ö¾î¶ó.
Other kernel developers besides Linus need to be aware of your change,
so that they may comment on it and offer code review and suggestions.
linux-kernel is the primary Linux kernel developer mailing list.
Other mailing lists are available for specific subsystems, such as
USB, framebuffer devices, the VFS, the SCSI subsystem, etc. See the
MAINTAINERS file for a mailing list that relates specifically to
your change.
Linus ÁÖÀ§ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ Ä¿³Î °³¹ßÀڵ鵵 ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ °üÇØ ¾Ë ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
±×·¸°ÔµÇ¸é ´Ù¸¥ Ä¿³Î °³¹ßÀÚµéÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ÀڽŵéÀÇ ÀÇ°ßÀ» °³ÁøÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç
Äڵ带 °ËÅäÇÏ°í »õ·Î¿î Á¦¾ÈÀ» ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. linux-kernelÀº ÁÖ¿äÇÑ ¸®´ª½º Ä¿³Î °³¹ß
¸ÞÀϸµ ¸®½ºÆ®ÀÌ´Ù. USB, framebuffer ÀåÄ¡µé, VFS, SCSI subsystem°ú °°ÀÌ
´Ù¸¥ ƯÁ¤ ÇÏÀ§½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ¸ÞÀϸµ ¸®½ºÆ®µµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡¿Í °ü·ÃÀÖ´Â ¸ÞÀϸµ
¸®½ºÆ®¸¦ ã±âÀ§ÇØ MAINTAINERS ÆÄÀÏÀ» ºÁ¶ó.
Majordomo lists of VGER.KERNEL.ORG at:
VGER.KERNEL.ORGÀÇ Majordomo ¸®½ºÆ®µé
If changes affect userland-kernel interfaces, please send
the MAN-PAGES maintainer (as listed in the MAINTAINERS file)
a man-pages patch, or at least a notification of the change,
so that some information makes its way into the manual pages.
¼öÁ¤ÀÌ userland-kernel ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» Áشٸé MAN-PAGES ¸ÞÀÎÅ×À̳ʿ¡°Ô
man-pages ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ º¸³»Áְųª Àû¾îµµ ¼öÁ¤ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¾Ë·Á ¸Þ´º¾ó ÆäÀÌÁö¿¡ ¹Ý¿µµÇ°Ô µÇ°ÔÇ϶ó.
Even if the maintainer did not respond in step #4, make sure to ALWAYS
copy the maintainer when you change their code.
¸ÞÀÎÅ×À̳ʰ¡ ÀÀ´äÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò¾îµµ ¼öÁ¤À» ÇÒ¶§´Â ¸ÞÀÎÅ×À̳ʸ¦ Ç×»ó ÂüÁ¶·Î ³Ö¾î¶ó.
For small patches you may want to CC the Trivial Patch Monkey
trivial@kernel.org managed by Adrian Bunk; which collects "trivial"
patches. Trivial patches must qualify for one of the following rules:
¼Ò¼ÒÇÑ ÆÐÄ¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì Adrian Bunk¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °ü¸®µÇ´Â trivial@kernel.org
ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â rivial Patcch Monkey¸¦ ÂüÁ¶(CC)·Î ³Ö¾î¶ó.
±×°÷Àº "»ç¼ÒÇÑ"ÆÐÄ¡µéÀ» ¸ðÀº´Ù. »ç¼ÒÇÑ ÆÐÄ¡¶ó ÇÔÀº ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ Á¶°ÇµéÀ» ¸¸Á·ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
Spelling fixes in documentation
¹®¼¿¡ À߸øµÈ ½ºÆ縵 ±³Á¤
URL: <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/bunk/trivial/>
Spelling fixes which could break grep(1) grep(1)À» Çϱ⠾î·Æ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â ½ºÆ縵 ±³Á¤ Warning fixes (cluttering with useless warnings is bad) Warning ±³Á¤(¾µ¸ð¾ø´Â warningÀ¸·Î ¾îÁö·´Çô Áö´Â °ÍÀº ³ª»Ú´Ù) Compilation fixes (only if they are actually correct) ÄÄÆÄÀÏ ±³Á¤(±³Á¤ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¿ÇÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡ ÇÑÇØ) Runtime fixes (only if they actually fix things) ½ÇÇà½ÃÀÇ ¹®Á¦Á¡ ±³Á¤(½ÇÁ¦·Î ¹®Á¦¸¦ ±³Á¤ÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡ ÇÑÇØ) Removing use of deprecated functions/macros (eg. check_region) ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ¾ø¾îÁú°Ô µÉ ÇÔ¼ö³ª ¸ÅÅ©·ÎÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ» Á¦°Å(¿¹. check_region) Contact detail and documentation fixes ¹®ÀÇó³ª ¹®¼ÀÇ ±³Á¤ Non-portable code replaced by portable code (even in arch-specific, À̽ļºÀÌ ÁÁÁö ¾ÊÀº Äڵ带 À̽ļºÀÌ ÁÁÀº ÄÚµå·Î ¼öÁ¤(arch¿¡¼¸¸ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù ÇÒÁö¶óµµ) TODO : since people copy, as long as it's trivial) Any fix by the author/maintainer of the file (ie. patch monkey in re-transmission mode) ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ÀúÀÚ³ª ¸ÞÀÎÅ×À̳ʿ¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¼öÁ¤(TODO) 7) No MIME, no links, no compression, no attachments. Just plain text.
7) MIME, ¸µÅ©, ¾ÐÃà, ÷ºÎ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸»°í text¸¸ »ç¿ëÇ϶ó.
Linus and other kernel developers need to be able to read and comment
on the changes you are submitting. It is important for a kernel
developer to be able to "quote" your changes, using standard e-mail
tools, so that they may comment on specific portions of your code.
Linux¿Í ´Ù¸¥ Ä¿³Î °³¹ßÀÚµéÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Á¦ÃâÇÑ ÆÐÄ¡µéÀ» Àаí ÄÚ¸àÆ®ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
Ä¿³Î °³¹ßÀÚµéÀº ±âº»ÀûÀÎ À̸ÞÀÏ ÅøÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¼öÁ¤¿¡ quote(¿ªÀÚÁÖ:
ÆÐÄ¡ÀÇ Áß°£Áß°£ ÀοëºÎÈ£¸¦ ³Ö¾î ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »ý°¢À» ÀÛ¼ºÇÔ)¸¦ ÇÏ¿© ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÄÚµå ÀϺκп¡ ÄÚ¸àÆ®¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
For this reason, all patches should be submitting e-mail "inline".
WARNING: Be wary of your editor's word-wrap corrupting your patch,
if you choose to cut-n-paste your patch.
±×·± ÀÌÀ¯·Î ¸ðµç ÆÐÄ¡µéÀº À̸ÞÀÏÀÇ ³»¿ë¿¡ Á÷Á¢ Æ÷ÇԵǴ ÇüÅ·ΠÁ¦ÃâµÇ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.
ÁÖÀÇ: ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ cut-n-pasteÇϱâ·Î Çß´Ù¸é ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â
ÆíÁý±âÀÇ word-wrap ±â´ÉÀÌ ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ¸Á°¡¶ß¸®Áö ¾ÊÀ»Áö ÁÖÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
Do not attach the patch as a MIME attachment, compressed or not.
Many popular e-mail applications will not always transmit a MIME
attachment as plain text, making it impossible to comment on your
code. A MIME attachment also takes Linus a bit more time to process,
decreasing the likelihood of your MIME-attached change being accepted.
ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ¾ÐÃàÀ¯¹«¿Í´Â »ó°ü¾øÀÌ MIME ÇüÅ·δ ÷ºÎÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó. ³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¸¹Àº
À̸ÞÀÏ ÀÀ¿ëÇÁ·Î±×·¥µéÀÌ Ç×»ó MIME ÷ºÎÆÄÀÏÀ» ¼ø¼öÇÑ text·Î º¸³»Áö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀ̸ç
±×·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Äڵ忡 ÄÚ¸àÆ®ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ MIME ÷ºÎ´Â
Linus°¡ ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ó¸®ÇÏ´Â ½Ã°£À» ´õ µéÀ̵µ·Ï ÇÏ°í ÆÐÄ¡°¡ ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©Áú È®·üÀº ´õ ÁÙ¾îµé°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù.
Exception: If your mailer is mangling patches then someone may ask
you to re-send them using MIME.
¿¹¿Ü: ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ mailer°¡ ÆÐÄ¡µéÀ» ¾û¸ÁÀ¸·Î ¸¸µç´Ù¸é ´©±º°¡´Â ¿©·¯ºÐ¿¡°Ô
MIMEÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ´Ù½Ã º¸³»´Þ¶ó°í ¿äûÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
WARNING: Some mailers like Mozilla send your messages with
--
The problem is that "format=flowed" makes some of the mailers
on receiving side to replace TABs with spaces and do similar
changes. Thus the patches from you can look corrupted.
¹®Á¦´Â "format=flowed"ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¹Þ´Â ÃøÀÇ mailerÁßÀÇ ÀϺΰ¡ TABÀ»
space·Î ¹Ù²Ùµµ·Ï ¸¸µé¸ç À¯»çÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ ¹®Á¦µéÀ» ¹ß»ýŲ´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ
ÆÐÄ¡°¡ ±úÁ® º¸ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
To fix this just make your mozilla defaults/pref/mailnews.js file to look like:
pref("mailnews.send_plaintext_flowed", false); // RFC 2646=======
pref("mailnews.display.disable_format_flowed_support", true);
ÀÌ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¼öÁ¤Çϱâ À§Çؼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸ðÁú¶ó defaults/pref/mailnews.js ÆÄÀÏÀ»
´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼öÁ¤Ç϶ó.
pref("mailnews.send_plaintext_flowed", false); // RFC 2646=======
pref("mailnews.display.disable_format_flowed_support", true);
8) E-mail size.
8) E-mail Å©±â
When sending patches to Linus, always follow step #7.
Linus¿¡°Ô ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ º¸³¾ ¶§´Â Ç×»ó ¼½¼Ç 7¹ø¿¡¼ ¸í½ÃÇÑ ´ë·Î Ç϶ó.
Large changes are not appropriate for mailing lists, and some
maintainers. If your patch, uncompressed, exceeds 40 kB in size,
it is preferred that you store your patch on an Internet-accessible
server, and provide instead a URL (link) pointing to your patch.
Å« ÆÐÄ¡´Â ¸ÞÀϸµ ¸®½ºÆ®¿Í ÀϺΠ¸ÞÀÎÅ×À̳ʵ鿡°Ô´Â ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡°¡ ¾ÐÃàÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº »óÅ·Πũ±â°¡ 40 kB¸¦ ³Ñ°ÔµÈ´Ù¸é
ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ÀÎÅͳÝÀ¸·Î Á¢±Ù °¡´ÉÇÑ ¼¹ö¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÏ°í ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ °¡¸®Å°´Â URL(link)
·Î ´ëÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ´õ ÁÁÀº ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù.
9) Name your kernel version.
9) ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â Ä¿³Î ¹öÁ¯ÀÇ ¸í±â
It is important to note, either in the subject line or in the patch
description, the kernel version to which this patch applies.
ÆÐÄ¡ÀÇ Á¦¸ñÁÙ ¶Ç´Â ÆÐÄ¡ÀÇ ¼³¸í¿¡ ÆÐÄ¡°¡ Àû¿ëµÇ´Â Ä¿³Î ¹öÁ¯À» ¸í½ÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº
Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù.
If the patch does not apply cleanly to the latest kernel version,
Linus will not apply it.
ÆÐÄ¡°¡ ÃֽŠĿ³Î ¹öÁ¯¿¡ ¿Ã¹Ù¸£°Ô Àû¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é Linus´Â ±× ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ Àû¿ëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
10) Don't get discouraged. Re-submit.
10) ÁÂÀýÇÏÁö ¸»°í ´Ù½Ã º¸³»¶ó.
After you have submitted your change, be patient and wait. If Linus
likes your change and applies it, it will appear in the next version
of the kernel that he releases.
ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ Á¦ÃâÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡ Àγ»½ÉÀ» °¡Áö°í ±â´Ù·Á¶ó. Linus°¡ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡°¡
¸¾¿¡ µé°í ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ Àû¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é ¹èÆ÷µÇ´Â ´ÙÀ½ ¹öÁ¯ÀÇ Ä¿³Î¿¡¼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ
ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ º¸°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
However, if your change doesn't appear in the next version of the
kernel, there could be any number of reasons. It's YOUR job to
narrow down those reasons, correct what was wrong, and submit your
updated change.
±×·¯³ª, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡°¡ ´ÙÀ½ Ä¿³Î ¹öÁ¯¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ªÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¾Æ¸¶ ¸¹Àº ÀÌÀ¯°¡
ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±× ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ã¾Æ À߸øµÈ °ÍÀ» ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ°í ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®ÇÏ¿© ´Ù½Ã º¸³»´Â °ÍÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ÀÏÀÌ´Ù.
It is quite common for Linus to "drop" your patch without comment.
That's the nature of the system. If he drops your patch, it could be
due to
Linus°¡ ¾Æ¹« ¾ð±Þ¾øÀÌ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ "¹ö¸®´Â °Í"Àº ´Ã»ó ÀÖ´Â ÀÏÀÌ´Ù.
±×°ÍÀº ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿î °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Linus°¡ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ¹ö¸°´Ù¸é ¾Æ¸¶ ´ÙÀ½
¹®Á¦µé ¶§¹®ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
* Your patch did not apply cleanly to the latest kernel version.
* Your patch was not sufficiently discussed on linux-kernel.
* A style issue (see section 2).
* An e-mail formatting issue (re-read this section).
* A technical problem with your change.
* He gets tons of e-mail, and yours got lost in the shuffle.
* You are being annoying.
* ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡´Â ÃֽŠĿ³Î ¹öÁ¯¿¡ ±ú²ýÀÌ Àû¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
* ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡´Â linux-kernel¿¡¼ ÃæºÐÈ÷ Åä·ÐµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
* ½ºÅ¸ÀÏ ¹®Á¦(2Àý ÂüÁ¶)
* À̸ÞÀÏ ¾ç½Ä ¹®Á¦(À̹ø ÀýÀ» ´Ù½Ã Àоî¶ó)
* ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡ÀÇ ±â¼úÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦
* Linus´Â ¼öõÅëÀÇ ¸ÞÀÏÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò°í µÚ¼¯¿©¼ °á±¹ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ °ÍÀ» ÀÒ¾î¹ö·È´Ù.
* ¿©·¯ºÐÀº Linus¸¦ ±ÍÂú°Ô ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
When in doubt, solicit comments on linux-kernel mailing list.
ÀǽɵǸé linux-kernel ¸ÞÀϸµ ¸®½ºÆ®¿¡ È®ÀÎ ¸ÞÀÏÀ» º¸³»ºÁ¶ó.
11) Include PATCH in the subject
11) Á¦¸ñ¿¡ PATCH¶ó´Â ¹®±¸¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇ϶ó
Due to high e-mail traffic to Linus, and to linux-kernel, it is common
convention to prefix your subject line with PATCH. This lets Linus
and other kernel developers more easily distinguish patches from other
e-mail discussions.
Linus¿Í linux-kernel¿¡´Â ¸¹Àº ¸ÞÀÏ Æ®·¡ÇÈÀÌ Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Á¦¸ñ¾Õ¿¡
PATCH¶ó°í ¸í½ÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ °ü·Ê´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á Linus¿Í
´Ù¸¥ Ä¿³Î °³¹ßÀÚµéÀº ÆÐÄ¡ ¸ÞÀÏÀ» ´Ù¸¥ ¸ÞÀϵé°ú ±¸º°Çϱ⠼ö¿ùÇØÁø´Ù.
12) Sign your work
12) ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÀÛ¾÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½ÎÀÎ
To improve tracking of who did what, especially with patches that can
percolate to their final resting place in the kernel through several
layers of maintainers, we've introduced a "sign-off" procedure on
patches that are being emailed around.
´©°¡ ¹«¾ùÀ» Çß´ÂÁö¸¦ ÆľÇÇϱâ À§Çؼ(ƯÈ÷, °¢°¢ÀÇ ¸ÞÀÎÅ×À̳ʵéÀÌ °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â
¿©·¯ ·¹À̾îµéÀ» °ÅÄ¡¸ç ÃÖÁ¾º»À» ¸¸µé¾î°¡´Â °æ¿ì) À̸ÞÀÏ¿¡ "sigh-off"¸¦ ÇÏ´Â
ÀýÂ÷¸¦ µµÀÔÇß´Ù.
The sign-off is a simple line at the end of the explanation for the
patch, which certifies that you wrote it or otherwise have the right to
pass it on as a open-source patch. The rules are pretty simple: if you
can certify the below:
sign-off´Â ÆÐÄ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³¸í ³¡¿¡ °£´ÜÈ÷ ÇÑ ¶óÀÎÀ¸·Î µé¾î°¡¸ç ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ±× ÆÐÄ¡¸¦
ÀÛ¼ºÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀ̳ª ¶Ç´Â ±× ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ open-source ÆÐÄ¡·Î½á Á¦ÃâÇÒ ±Ç¸®¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
ÀÔÁõÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±ÔÄ¢Àº »ó´çÈ÷ °£´ÜÇÏ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°Àº °ÍµéÀ» ÀÔÁõÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é
TODO
Developer's Certificate of Origin 1.1
By making a contribution to this project, I certify that: (a) The contribution was created in whole or in part by me and I
(d) I understand and agree that this project and the contribution
have the right to submit it under the open source license
indicated in the file; or
(b) The contribution is based upon previous work that, to the best
of my knowledge, is covered under an appropriate open source
license and I have the right under that license to submit that
work with modifications, whether created in whole or in part
by me, under the same open source license (unless I am
permitted to submit under a different license), as indicated
in the file; or
(c) The contribution was provided directly to me by some other
person who certified (a), (b) or (c) and I have not modified
it.
are public and that a record of the contribution (including all
personal information I submit with it, including my sign-off) is
maintained indefinitely and may be redistributed consistent with
this project or the open source license(s) involved.
Signed-off-by: Random J Developer <random@developer.example.org>
using your real name (sorry, no pseudonyms or anonymous contributions.)
(À¯°¨ÀÌÁö¸¸ °¡¸íÀ̳ª À͸íÀº ¾ÈµÈ´Ù)
Some people also put extra tags at the end. They'll just be ignored for
now, but you can do this to mark internal company procedures or just
point out some special detail about the sign-off.
ÀϺΠ»ç¶÷µéÀº ÆÐÄ¡ÀÇ ³¡¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ ²¿¸´¸»(tag)¸¦ µÎ±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·± °ÍµéÀÌ Áö±ÝÀº ¹«½ÃµÉ °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸ ²¿¸´¸»À» ÅëÇÏ¿© ȸ»ç ³»ºÎ ÀýÂ÷¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇϰųª sign-off¿¡ °üÇÑ ¸î¸î ¼¼ºÎ»çÇ×À» ³ªÅ¸³»±â À§ÇØ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
13) When to use Acked-by:
TODO: ¿©±â¼ºÎÅÍ
13) Acked-by¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ¶§
The Signed-off-by: tag indicates that the signer was involved in the
development of the patch, or that he/she was in the patch's delivery path.
Signed-off-by: ÀÌ Å±״ ½ÎÀÎÀ» ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÆÐÄ¡ÀÇ °³¹ß¿¡ °ü°èµÇ¾ú°Å³ª ±× »ç¶÷ÀÌ
ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤¿¡ °ü°èµÇ¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
If a person was not directly involved in the preparation or handling of a
patch but wishes to signify and record their approval of it then they can
arrange to have an Acked-by: line added to the patch's changelog.
¾î´À ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÆÐÄ¡ÀÇ Áغñ³ª 󸮰úÁ¤¿¡ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î °ü¿©ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸ ÆÐÄ¡¿¡
´ëÇÑ ½ÂÀÎÀ» ±â·ÏÇϰųª ³ªÅ¸³»±æ ¿øÇÑ´Ù¸é Acked-by¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ±×·¸°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Acked-by´Â ÆÐÄ¡ÀÇ changelog¿¡ µ¡ºÙ¿©Áö´Â ¶óÀÎÀÌ´Ù.
Acked-by: is often used by the maintainer of the affected code when that
maintainer neither contributed to nor forwarded the patch.
Acked-by´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¸ÞÀÎÅ×À̳ʰ¡ ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â µ¥ °øÇåÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°Å³ª ÆÐÄ¡¸¦
Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ò ¶§ °ü·ÃµÈ ÄÚµåÀÇ ¸ÞÀÎÅ×À̳ʿ¡ ÀÇÇØ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
Acked-by: is not as formal as Signed-off-by:. It is a record that the acker
has at least reviewed the patch and has indicated acceptance. Hence patch
mergers will sometimes manually convert an acker's "yep, looks good to me"
into an Acked-by:.
Acked-by´Â Signed-off-by°ú °°ÀÌ ¾î¶² °ø½ÄÀûÀÎ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ack¸¦ ÇÏ´Â
»ç¶÷ÀÌ Àû¾îµµ ±× ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ °ËÅäÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ½ÂÀÎÀ» Çß´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ º´ÇÕÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº(merger) ¶§·Ð Á÷Á¢ ½ÂÀÎÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÇ "À½, ÁÁ¾Æ º¸ÀÌ´Â °É"
°ú °°Àº ¹®±¸¸¦ Acked-by·Î º¯È¯ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Acked-by: does not necessarily indicate acknowledgement of the entire patch.
For example, if a patch affects multiple subsystems and has an Acked-by: from
one subsystem maintainer then this usually indicates acknowledgement of just
the part which affects that maintainer's code. Judgement should be used here.
When in doubt people should refer to the original discussion in the mailing
list archives.
Acked-by°¡ Àý´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ¸ðµç ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ½ÂÀÎÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î
ÇϳªÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡°¡ ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ subsystem¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ°í ÇÑ subsystemÀÇ ¸ÞÀÎÅ×À̳ʷκÎÅ͸¸ Acked-by¸¦
¹Þ¾Ò´Ù¸é ÀÌ°ÍÀº ´ÜÁö ±× ¸ÞÀÎÅ×À̳ÊÀÇ Äڵ忡 ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ´Â ºÎºÐ¸¸À» ½ÂÀι޾Ҵٴ °ÍÀ»
ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÆÇ´ÜÀº ¿©±â¼ ÇؾßÇÑ´Ù. Àǽɽº·¯¿ì¸é ¸ÞÀϸµ ¸®½ºÆ® ¾ÆÄ«À̺꿡 Åä·ÐµÇ¾ú´ø ¿øº»À»
ÂüÁ¶ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
14) The canonical patch format
14) Ç¥ÁØ ÆÐÄ¡ Æ÷¸Ë
The canonical patch subject line is:
Ç¥ÁØ ÆÐÄ¡ Á¦¸ñÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
The canonical patch message body contains the following:
Ç¥ÁØ ÆÐÄ¡ ³»¿ëÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
- A "from" line specifying the patch author.
- "from"Àº ÆÐÄ¡ ÀúÀÚ¸¦ ¸í½ÃÇÏ´Â ¶óÀÎÀÌ´Ù.
The Subject line format makes it very easy to sort the emails
alphabetically by subject line - pretty much any email reader will
support that - since because the sequence number is zero-padded,
the numerical and alphabetic sort is the same.
=======================================================================??? ¿©±îÁö
Á¦¸ñ ¶óÀÎ Æ÷¸ËÀº À̸ÞÀÏÀ» Á¦¸ñ ¶óÀο¡ ÀÇÇØ ¾ËÆĺª¼øÀ¸·Î Á¤·ÄÇϱ⠽±°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù.
¸¹Àº À̸ÞÀÏ ¸®´õµéÀÌ ±×·¯ÇÑ °ÍÀ» Áö¿øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¤±¤¤ÀÌ·¯¤¿À̳Ѹ®¸Ó´Ï
¸µ¤¤¸Ö
- An empty line.
- ÇÑ ÁÙÀÇ ºó ¶óÀÎ.
- The body of the explanation, which will be copied to the
- ÀÌ ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â changelog¿¡ ¿µ¿øÈ÷ ±â·ÏµÉ ³»¿ë
permanent changelog to describe this patch.
- The "Signed-off-by:" lines, described above, which will
- À§¿¡¼ ¼³¸íÇß´ø "Signed-off-by"¶óÀεé, ÀÌ ¶óÀε鵵 changelog¿¡
also go in the changelog.
±â·ÏµÊ
- A marker line containing simply "---".
- °£´ÜÈ÷ "---"¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇϴ ǥ½Ã ¶óÀÎ
- Any additional comments not suitable for the changelog.
- changelog¿¡ ¾Ë¸ÂÁö ¾ÊÀº ºÎ°¡ÀûÀÎ ÄÚ¸àÆ®
- The actual patch (diff output).
- ½ÇÁ¦ ÆÐÄ¡(diffÀÇ »êÃâ¹°)
The "subsystem" in the email's Subject should identify which
area or subsystem of the kernel is being patched.
À̸ÞÀÏÀÇ Á¦¸ñ¿¡ "subsystem"Àº Ä¿³ÎÀÇ ¾î¶² ¿µ¿ªÀ̳ª subsystemÀÌ ÆÐÄ¡µÇ°í
ÀÖ´ÂÁö¸¦ ±¸ºÐÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
The "summary phrase" in the email's Subject should concisely
describe the patch which that email contains. The "summary
phrase" should not be a filename. Do not use the same "summary
phrase" for every patch in a whole patch series (where a "patch
series" is an ordered sequence of multiple, related patches).
À̸ÞÀÏÀÇ Á¦¸ñ¿¡ "summary phrase"´Â À̸ÞÀÏÀÌ ´ã°í ÀÖ´Â ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ °£°áÇÏ°Ô
¼³¸íÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. "summary phrase"´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ̸§ÀÌ µÇ¼´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù.
Àüü ÆÐÄ¡ ½Ã¸®Áî¿¡ ¸ðµç ÆÐÄ¡¸¶´Ù °°Àº "summary phrase"¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸¶¶ó.
(¤±¤¤À̶ó¤Ã¹Ì ·¯¤Ó¸Á³Ê¸®¸¸¤©)
Bear in mind that the "summary phrase" of your email becomes
a globally-unique identifier for that patch. It propagates
all the way into the git changelog. The "summary phrase" may
later be used in developer discussions which refer to the patch.
People will want to google for the "summary phrase" to read
discussion regarding that patch.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ À̸ÞÀÏ¿¡ "summary phrase"°¡ ±× ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ±¸ºÐÇÏ´Â ¼¼°è¿¡¼
À¯ÀÏÇÑ ½Äº°ÀÚ°Ô µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» À¯³äÇضó. "summary phrase"´Â ³ªÁß¿¡
±× ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ´Â °³¹ßÀڵ鰣ÀÇ Åä·Ð¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
»ç¶÷µéÀº ±× ÆÐÄ¡¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ Åä·Ð ³»¿ëµéÀ» Àбâ À§ÇÏ¿© "summary phrase"¸¦
±¸±Û¸µ ÇÏ±æ ¿øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
A couple of example Subjects:
µÎ°³ÀÇ Á¦¸ñ ¿¹Á¦:
Subject: patch 2/5 ext2: improve scalability of bitmap searching
Subject: PATCHv2 001/207 x86: fix eflags tracking
The "from" line must be the very first line in the message body,
and has the form:
"from"¶óÀÎÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã ³»¿ëÀÇ Ã¹ ¶óÀο¡ À§Ä¡ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ¸ç ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ÇüŸ¦ °¡Á®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
From: Original Author <author@example.com>
From: Original Author <author@example.com>
The "from" line specifies who will be credited as the author of the
patch in the permanent changelog. If the "from" line is missing,
then the "From:" line from the email header will be used to determine
the patch author in the changelog.
"from"¶óÀÎÀº ¿µ¿øÈ÷ ³²°Ô µÉ changelog¿¡ ÆÐÄ¡ÀÇ ÀúÀÚ·Î½á ´©°¡ ÀÚ¶û½º·´°Ô
¿Ã¶ó°¥ °ÍÀÎÁö¸¦ ¸í½ÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. "from"¶óÀÎÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é À̸ÞÀÏ Çì´õÀÇ "From"
¶óÀÎÀÌ changelog¿¡ ÆÐÄ¡ÀÇ ÀúÀڷμ ±â·ÏµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
The explanation body will be committed to the permanent source
changelog, so should make sense to a competent reader who has long
since forgotten the immediate details of the discussion that might
have led to this patch.
³»¿ëÀº ¿µ¿øÇÑ sourceÀÇ changelog¿¡ ³²°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ÀÌ ÆÐÄ¡¸¦
¤±¤·¤¤¤©;¤Ó¸Á;´Ï¶ó
¤±¤¤ÀÌ;¶ó;¤±¤¤
The "---" marker line serves the essential purpose of marking for patch
handling tools where the changelog message ends.
"---" Ç¥½Ã ¶óÀÎÀº changelog ³»¿ëÀÌ ³¡³µ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
One good use for the additional comments after the "---" marker is for
a diffstat, to show what files have changed, and the number of inserted
and deleted lines per file. A diffstat is especially useful on bigger
patches. Other comments relevant only to the moment or the maintainer,
not suitable for the permanent changelog, should also go here.
Use diffstat options "-p 1 -w 70" so that filenames are listed from the
top of the kernel source tree and don't use too much horizontal space
(easily fit in 80 columns, maybe with some indentation).
"---" Ç¥½Ã ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ ºÎ°¡ÀûÀÎ ÄÚ¸àÆ®µéÀÇ ÁÁÀº ¿¹´Â diffstatÀÌ´Ù. diffstatÀº
º¯°æµÈ ÆÄÀϵ鸶´Ù »õ·Î Ãß°¡µÈ ¶óÀΰú »èÁ¦µÈ ¶óÀÎÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. diffstat´Â ƯÈ÷ Å« ÆÐÄ¡¿¡
À¯¿ëÇÏ´Ù. ¿µ±¸È÷ ±â·ÏµÇ´Â changelog¿¡´Â ÀûÇÕÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç ´ÜÁö ±×¶§¿¡¸¸, ȤÀº
¸ÞÀÎÅ×À̳ʿ¡°Ô¸¸ °ü·ÃµÈ ÄÚ¸àÆ®µéÀÌ ÀÌ°÷¿¡ ¿Í¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. diffstat ¿É¼ÇÀ» "-p 1 -w 70"
À¸·Î »ç¿ëÇؼ ÆÄÀÏ À̸§µéÀÌ Ä¿³Î ¼Ò½º Æ®¸®ÀÇ ¸Ç À§¿¡ ³ª¿µÇµµ·ÏÇÏ°í ³Ê¹« ¸¹Àº
horizontal space¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸»°Ô Ç϶ó. (´ëÃæ 80°³ÀÇ Ä÷³ÀÌ Àû´çÇÏ¸ç ¾Æ¸¶ ¾à°£ÀÇ µé¿©¾²±â
See more details on the proper patch format in the following
references.
¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ ÆÐÄ¡ Æ÷¸Ë¿¡ °üÇÑ ´õ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ »çÇ×Àº ´ÙÀ½À» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó.
SECTION 2 - HINTS, TIPS, AND TRICKS
SECTION 2 - ÈùÆ®, ÆÁ°ú Æ®¸¯
This section lists many of the common "rules" associated with code
submitted to the kernel. There are always exceptions... but you must
have a really good reason for doing so. You could probably call this
section Linus Computer Science 101.
ÀÌ ¼½¼ÇÀº Ä¿³Î¿¡ Á¦ÃâµÈ ÄÚµå¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¸¹Àº "±ÔÄ¢"µéÀ» ³ª¿ÇÑ´Ù.
Ç×»ó ¿¹¿Ü°¡ ÀÖ±ä ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ±×·¸°Ô ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ °¡Áö°í
ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¾Æ¸¶µµ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ÀÌ ¼½¼ÇÀ» TODO Linux Computer Science 101À̶ó ºÎ¸¦ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
1) Read Documentation/CodingStyle
1) Documentation/CodingStyleÀ» Àоî¶ó.
Nuff said. If your code deviates too much from this, it is likely
to be rejected without further review, and without comment.
ÃæºÐÈ÷ ¸»Çß´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Äڵ尡 CodingStyle ¹®¼¿¡¼ ¸¹ÀÌ ¹þ¾î³ª°Ô µÇ¸é
´õ ÀÌ»óÀÇ °ËÅ䳪 ÄÚ¸àÆ®¾øÀÌ °ÅÀýµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
One significant exception is when moving code from one file to
another -- in this case you should not modify the moved code at all in
the same patch which moves it. This clearly delineates the act of
moving the code and your changes. This greatly aids review of the
actual differences and allows tools to better track the history of
the code itself.
ÇÑ°¡Áö È®½ÇÇÑ ¿¹¿Ü´Â ÇÑ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ ´Ù¸¥ ÆÄÀÏ·Î Äڵ带 ¿Å±æ ¶§ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·± °æ¿ì
¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¿Å±â´Â ÄÚµåÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» Àý´ë º¯°æÇÏÁö ¸»¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. TODO ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Äڵ带 ´ÜÁö ¿Å±â¸ç ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Àǵµ¸¦ ±×´ë·Î ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ½ÇÁ¦ º¯°æµÈ ³»¿ë¸¸À» °ËÅäÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï µµ¿ÍÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ¸ç ´Ù¸¥ µµ±¸µé·Î ÄÚµåÀÇ º¯°æ³»¿ëµéÀ» ´õ ÃßÀûÇϱâ ÁÁ°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù.
Check your patches with the patch style checker prior to submission
(scripts/checkpatch.pl). The style checker should be viewed as
a guide not as the final word. If your code looks better with
a violation then its probably best left alone.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ Á¦Ãâ Àü¿¡ ÆÐÄ¡ ½ºÅ¸ÀÏ Ã¼Ä¿·Î üũÇ϶ó.(scripts/checkpatch.pl)
½ºÅ¸ÀÏ Ã¼Ä¿´Â ÃÖÁ¾º»ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ´ÜÁö ¾È³»ÀÚ·Î ºÁ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Äڵ尡 Á» À§¹ÝÀ» Çß´õ¶óµµ ´õ ÁÁ¾Æº¸ÀÎ´Ù¸é ±×°ÍÀ» ³²°Ü ³õ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ¸¶ ´õ ÀßÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
The checker reports at three levels:
üĿ´Â 3°¡Áö ·¹º§·Î º¸°íÇÑ´Ù.
- ERROR: things that are very likely to be wrong
- WARNING: things requiring careful review
- CHECK: things requiring thought
You should be able to justify all violations that remain in your
patch.
- ERROR : ³ªºüÁú °Í °°Àº Ç׸ñ - WARNING : ¼¼½ÉÇÑ °ËÅä°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Ç׸ñ - CHECK : »ý°¢Çغ¼ Ç׸ñ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÆÐÄ¡¿¡ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç À§¹Ý»çÇ×À» Á¤´çÈ ½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
2) #ifdefs are ugly
2) #ifdefsÀº ÁÁÁö¾Ê´Ù.
Code cluttered with ifdefs is difficult to read and maintain. Don't do
it. Instead, put your ifdefs in a header, and conditionally define
'static inline' functions, or macros, which are used in the code.
Let the compiler optimize away the "no-op" case.
ifdef·Î ¾îÁö·´ÇôÁ® ÀÖ´Â ÄÚµå´Â Àаí À¯Áöº¸¼öÇϱⰡ ¾î·Æ´Ù. ±×·¸°Ô ÇÏÁö¸¶¶ó.
´ë½Å¿¡ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ifdefµéÀ» ÇϳªÀÇ Çì´õ·Î ³Ö°í Á¶°Ç¿¡ µû¶ó 'static inline'ÇÔ¼ö³ª
¸ÅÅ©·Î·Î µÎ¾î¶ó. ÄÄÆÄÀÏ·¯°¡ "no-op"ÀÇ °æ¿ì¸¦ ÃÖÀûÇÏÇÏ¿© ¾ø¾Ö¹ö¸®µµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ.
Simple example, of poor code:
dev = alloc_etherdev (sizeof(struct funky_private));
if (!dev)
Cleaned-up example:
return -ENODEV;
#ifdef CONFIG_NET_FUNKINESS
init_funky_net(dev);
#endif
(in header)
#ifndef CONFIG_NET_FUNKINESS
static inline void init_funky_net (struct net_device *d) {}
#endif
(in the code itself)
dev = alloc_etherdev (sizeof(struct funky_private));
if (!dev)
3) 'static inline' is better than a macro
return -ENODEV;
init_funky_net(dev);
3) 'static inline'Àº ¸ÅÅ©·Îº¸´Ù ´õ ¼±È£µÈ´Ù.
Static inline functions are greatly preferred over macros.
They provide type safety, have no length limitations, no formatting
limitations, and under gcc they are as cheap as macros.
Static inline ÇÔ¼öµéÀÌ ¸ÅÅ©·Îº¸´Ù´Â ÈξÀ ¼±È£µÈ´Ù.
Static inline ÇÔ¼öµéÀº Çü ¾ÈÁ¤¼º(type safety)À» Á¦°øÇÏ¸ç ¾î¶² ±æÀÌÁ¦ÇÑÀ̳ª Çü½Ä Á¦Çѵµ ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç gccÀÇ °æ¿ì ¸ÅÅ©·Î¸¸ÅÀ̳ª °¡º±´Ù.
Macros should only be used for cases where a static inline is clearly
suboptimal there a few, isolated cases of this in fast paths,
or where it is impossible to use a static inline function [such as
string-izing].
¸ÅÅ©·ÎµéÀº static inlineÀÌ ºÐ¸íÈ÷ suboptimalTODO ÇÒ °æ¿ì³ª static inline ÇÔ¼ö¸¦
»ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì¿¹¸¦µé¾î ¹®ÀÚ¿È(string-izing)¿¡¸¸ »ç¿ëµÇ¾îÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
'static inline' is preferred over 'static inline', 'extern inline',
and 'extern inline'.
'staic inline'ÀÌ 'static inline', 'extern inline', 'extern inline'º¸´Ù ¼±È£
µÈ´Ù.
4) Don't over-design.
4) ³Ê¹« ¸Ö¸® º¸´Â ¼³°è´Â ÇÇÇÏÀÚ.
Don't try to anticipate nebulous future cases which may or may not
be useful: "Make it as simple as you can, and no simpler."
À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô µÉÁö, ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀ» Áöµµ ¸ð¸£´Â ºÒÈ®½ÇÇÑ ¹Ì·¡¸¦ ¿¹ÃøÇÏ·Á°í ½ÃµµÇÏÁö ¸¶¶ó.
"ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ ÃÖ´ëÇÑ °£´ÜÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾î¶ó."
SECTION 3 - REFERENCES
Andrew Morton, "The perfect patch" (tpp).
Jeff Garzik, "Linux kernel patch submission format".
Greg Kroah-Hartman, "How to piss off a kernel subsystem maintainer".
<http://www.kroah.com/log/2005/03/31/>
<http://www.kroah.com/log/2005/07/08/>
<http://www.kroah.com/log/2005/10/19/>
<http://www.kroah.com/log/2006/01/11/>
NO!!!! No more huge patch bombs to linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org people!
Kernel Documentation/CodingStyle:
Linus Torvalds's mail on the canonical patch format:
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