Linux Ethernet-Howto
Linux Ethernet-Howto
by Paul Gortmaker
v2.7, 5 May 1999
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jcmaeng@kldp.org
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Paul Gortmaker, p_gortmaker@yahoo.com
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Á¦¼³¸íµé¸¸ÀÌ `¸®´ª½º µµ»ç'µéÀÇ ÁÖ¸ñÀ» ¹ÞÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
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¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ´ÜÁö Àá±ñ¾¿ ftp¿Í WWW ¿¬°áÀ» ÇÏ·Á´Â ´ÜÀÏ »ç¿ëÀÚ¶ó¸é, ³°Àº 8 ºñÆ®
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¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¼¹ö¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ÁÖ°í ¹Þ´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ© µ¥ÀÌŸ·Î ÀÎÇÑ
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PCnet-PCI Ĩó·³ ¹ö½º ¸¶½ºÅ͸µ ±â´ÉÀÌ ÀÖ´Â PCI Ä«µåÁß¿¡ Çϳª¸¦ °í¸£¸é µÈ´Ù.
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EtherExpressPro 100. ¼ö¸¹Àº PCI-NE2000 ȣȯīµåµéµµ ¾ÆÁÖ ¸¹ÀÌ ¾²ÀÌÁö¸¸,
PCI-NE2000 ȣȯ Ä«µå¸¦ »ç´Â °ÍÀº ³·Àº °¡°ÝÀÌ ÇöÀçÀÇ °í¼º´É µðÀÚÀÎ Ä«µåº¸
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AMD PCnet-32ºÎºÐÀ» º¸¶ó.
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DEC 21040À»
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IntelÀÇ EtherExpress Pro 10/100 PCI Ä«µå ¶ÇÇÑ ¸®´ª½º¿¡¼ Àß µ¹¾Æ°£´Ù°í
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µµ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö Àִµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ISA
ne.c
µå¶óÀ̹öº¸´Ù ¾ÆÁÖ ¾à°£ÀÇ ¼º´É Çâ»óÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
ÇöÀç Áö¿øµÇ´Â 100Mbs Çϵå¿þ¾îÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. DEC 21140 Ĩ ±â¹ÝÀÇ
Ä«µåµé; 3c595/3c90x Vortex Ä«µåµé; EtherExpressPro10/100B; PCnet-FAST;
SMC 83c170 (epic100) °ú HP 100VG ANY-LAN.
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´ÙÀ½ÀÇ °÷µµ È®ÀÎÇغ¸¶ó.
Linux and 100Mbs Ethernet
Donald's 100VG Page
Dan Kegel's Fast Ethernet Page
100BaseT°¡ 100VGº¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ°í, comp.os.linux
¿¡ °Ô½ÃÇÑ
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100baseT4 ±×¸®°í 100baseFx ÄÉÀ̺í ŸÀÔ)ÀÌ´Ù.
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RJ-45 (´ëÇü ÀüÈ Àè)À» °¡Áø ²¿ÀÓ¼± ÄÉÀ̺í Ä¿³ØÅÍ´Â ±â¼ú¿ë¾î·Î 10BaseT¶ó°í ºÒ¸°´Ù.
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10Base5¶ó°í ºÒ¸°´Ù. ¸î¸î Ä«µåµé¿¡¼ ã¾Æº¼¼ö ÀÖ´Â 15ÇÉ DÇü Ç÷¯±× (AUI Ä¿³ØÅÍ)´Â
thick ÀÌse2 ´ë½Å¿¡ 10BaseT°¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
10Base2´Â 100Base°è¿·ÎÀÇ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¾÷±×·¹À̵嵵 Á¦°øÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
´õ³Ý°ú ¿ÜºÎ ´ÜÀÚ¿¡ ¿¬°áÇϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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ÄÉÀ̺í, µ¿Ãà...
¸¦ º¸±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
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ÀÌ¹Ì ´Ù¸¥ ´©±º°¡°¡ Áú¹®ÇÑ °Í(±×¸®°í ´äº¯ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù!)ÀÌ°í, ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©±â¼ ¿øÇÏ´Â ´äº¯À»
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°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Dejanews.
³»°¡ µè±â·Î´Â ³» Ä«µå¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °»½ÅµÇ°Å³ª ½ÃÇè¹öÀüÀÇ ¾ËÆÄ µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù
°í Çϴµ¥ ¾îµð¼ ±¸ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î?
`»õ' µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀÇ °¡Àå ÃֽŹöÀüÀº DonaldÀÇ ftp »çÀÌÆ®
cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov
¾ÈÀÇ /pub/linux/
¿¡¼ ±¸ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©±âÀÖ´Â °ÍµéÀº
ÀÚÁÖ ¹Ù²î¹Ç·Î, ãÀ»¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, WWW ºê¶ó¿ìÀú¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ
Don's Linux Home Page
¿¡ °¡¸é ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Ã£°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ´õ¿í ½±°Ô ãÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (WWW ºê¶ó¿ìÀú·Î ãÀ¸¸é
¼Ò½ºÀÇ ÅÇÀ» ½ºÆäÀ̽º³ª ±âŸµîµîÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î¹ö¸°´Ù - ftp¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϰųª È®½ÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù¸é
Àû¾îµµ ´Ù¿î¹ÞÀ» FTP URLÀº ¾Ë¾ÆµÖ¶ó.)
ÀÚ, ¸¸ÀÏ ±×°ÍÀÌ Á¤¸»·Î ¾ËÆÄ µå¶óÀ̹ö, ¶Ç´Â ¾ËÆÄ ÀÌÀüÀÇ µå¶óÀ̹ö¶ó¸é, ±× À̸§Ã³·³
´Ù·ç±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ¸»·Î Çϸé, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ¸·Î ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇÏ´ÂÁö ÀÌÇØÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒÁö¶óµµ
ºÒÆòÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´ÂÁö ÀÌÇØÇÒ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é, ¾Æ¸¶µµ ½ÃÇè
Çغ¸Áö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¶Ç, ±×°Í ¶§¹®¿¡ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸Ó½ÅÀÌ ´Ù¿îµÇ´õ¶óµµ ºÒÆòÇÏÁö ¸¶¶ó. ´ë½Å
Àß ÀÛ¼ºµÈ ¹ö±× ¸®Æ÷Æ®¸¦ º¸³»°Å³ª, ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ º¸³»ÁØ´Ù¸é ´õ ÁÁ´Ù!
Ç¥ÁØ Ä¿³Î ¼Ò½º Æ®¸®¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Â ¸î¸î `»ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÑ' ½ÇÇèÀûÀÎ/¾ËÆÄ µå¶óÀ̹öµé¿¡
´ëÇØ ¾Ë¾ÆµÎ¾î¾ß ÇÒ °ÍµéÀÌ´Ù.
make config
¸¦ ÇßÀ»¶§ °¡Àå ¸ÕÀú ¹°¾îº¸´Â °ÍÀº ``°³¹ßÁßÀÎ ¶Ç´Â ¿ÏÀüÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ÄÚµå/
µå¶óÀ̹öµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ Ç¥½Ã(Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers)''ÇÒ°ÍÀÎÁö
¾Æ´ÑÁö ÀÌ´Ù. ¾ËÆÄ/½ÇÇèÀûÀÎ µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÒ °ÍÀÎÁö¿¡
°üÇÑ Áú¹®µéÀ» ¹ÞÀ¸·Á¸é ¿©±â¿¡ `Y'¶ó°í ´äÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
¸®´ª½º¿¡¼ µÎ°³ÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é ¹«¾ùÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇϳª¿ä?
ÀÌ Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´äÀº µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ ÀûÀç°¡´ÉÇÑ ¸ðµâ·Î »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö Ä¿³Î¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ÄÄÆÄ
ÀÏµÇ¾î µé¾î°¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÎÁö¿¡ µû¶ó ´Þ¶óÁø´Ù. Áö±ÝÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¸®´ª½º ¹èÆ÷º»µéÀº ¸ðµâ·¯
µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. À̵éÀº ¹èÆ÷µÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ¼ö¸¹Àº Ä¿³Îµé°ú °¢°¢ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀ»
¸¸µé¾î ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù. ´ÜÀÏ ±âº» Ä¿³ÎÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ´ë½Å¿¡ ƯÁ¤ »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °¢°¢
ÀÇ µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀÌ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ºÎÆÃµÉ ¶§ µå¶óÀ̹ö ¸ðµâ ÆÄÀϵ鿡 ÃæºÐÈ÷ Á¢±ÙÇÒ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Çѹø
·ÎµåµÈ´Ù. (ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î /lib/modules/
¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù.)
µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ¸ðµâ·Î:
PCI µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀÇ °æ¿ì, º¸Åë ¼³Ä¡µÈ ¸ðµç Ä«µåÀÇ ºê·£µå ¸ðµ¨À» ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ã¾Æ³¾ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª, ISA Ä«µåµéÀÇ °æ¿ì, Ä«µå¸¦ ã¾Æ³»´Â ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ¾ÈÀüÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡, º¸Åë ¸ðµâÀÌ
¾îµð¼ Ä«µå¸¦ ãÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö I/O ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °¡¸£ÃÄ ÁÙ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ Á¤º¸´Â
/etc/conf.modules
¿¡ ÀúÀåµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ µÎ°³ÀÇ ISA NE2000 Ä«µå¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ°í, Çϳª´Â
0x300
¿¡ ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥°ÍÀº 0x240
¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. À̵鿡 ´ëÇÑ
/etc/conf.modules
ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» º¸¸é,
alias eth0 ne
alias eth1 ne
options ne io=0x240,0x300
ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÀÌ·¸´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº °ü¸®ÀÚ (ȤÀº Ä¿³Î)ÀÌ modprobe eth0
ȤÀº modprobe eth1
¶ó°í Çϸé, ne.o
µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡
eth0
³ª eth1
¸¦ À§ÇÑ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ·ÎµåÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í
ne.o
¸ðµâÀÌ ÀûÀçµÉ¶§, io=0x240,0x300
¶ó´Â ¿É¼ÇÀ» °¡Áö°í
·ÎµåµÇ¾î, µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ ¾îµð¿¡¼ Ä«µå¸¦ ãÀ»Áö ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù. 0x
´Â
Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù - DOS ¼¼»ó¿¡¼ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´ø 300h
°°Àº °ÍµéÀº ÅëÇÏÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù. 0x240
¿Í 0x300
ÀÇ ¼ø¼¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù´Â °ÍÀº
eth0
¿Í eth1
ÀÇ ¹°¸®Àû Ä«µå ¼ø¼¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ISA ¸ðµâ µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀº ÀÌ ¿¹¿Í °°ÀÌ ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ Ä«µå¸¦ ´Ù·ç±â À§ÇØ ÄÞ¸¶·Î
±¸ºÐµÈ ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ I
O °ªÀ» ¹ÞÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, 3c501.o ¸ðµâ°ú °°Àº ¸î¸î (±¸ÇüÀÇ?)
µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀº ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù ´ÜÁö ÇϳªÀÇ Ä«µå¸¸À» ´Ù·ê¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡
µÎ ÀåÀÇ Ä«µå¸¦ ¸ðµÎ ã±â À§Çؼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¸ðµâÀ» µÎ¹ø ·ÎµåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡ /etc/conf.modules
ÈÀÏÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
alias eth0 3c501
alias eth1 3c501
options eth0 -o 3c501-0 io=0x280 irq=5
options eth1 -o 3c501-1 io=0x300 irq=7
ÀÌ ¿¹¿¡¼ -o
¿É¼ÇÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ °°Àº À̸§À¸·Î µÎ ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇÒ ¼ö
¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡ °¢ ¸ðµâ °´Ã¼¸¶´Ù À¯ÀÏÇÑ À̸§À» ºÎ¿©Çϱâ À§Çؼ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
irq=
¿É¼Çµµ ¶ÇÇÑ Ä«µåÀÇ Çϵå¿þ¾î IRQ ¼³Á¤À» Á¤ÇØÁÖ±â À§Çؼ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
(ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº ÄÞ¸¶·Î ±¸ºÐµÈ I/O °ªµéÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Â ¸ðµâµéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§¿¡µµ ¾µ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ÀÌ°ÍÀº ±×°ÍÀÌ Á¤¸» ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¶§¿¡µµ ¸ðµâÀÌ µÎ¹ø¾¿ ·ÎµåµÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡
´ú È¿À²ÀûÀÌ´Ù.)
¸¶Áö¸· ¿¹·Î, 0x350
¿¡ ÀÖ´Â 3c509 Ä«µå¿Í 0x280
¿¡ ÀÖ´Â
SMC Elite16 (WD8013) Ä«µå¸¦ °¡Áø À¯Àú°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
±× ¼³Á¤Àº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
alias eth0 wd
alias eth1 3c503
options wd io=0x280
options 3c503 io=0x350
PCI Ä«µåµéÀÇ °æ¿ì, PCI Ä«µåÀÇ I/O ÁÖ¼Ò´Â ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô Ã£¾Æ³¾¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡
¿©·¯ºÐÀº º¸Åë ÀûÀýÇÑ µå¶óÀ̹ö À̸§°ú °°ÀÌ ethN
ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¿Í ¿¬°üµÈ alias
ÁÙ¸¸ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
»ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÑ ¸ðµâµéÀº º¸Åë /lib/modules/`uname -r`/net
¿¡ ÀúÀåµÇ¾î
ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©±â¼ uname -r
¸í·ÉÀº Ä¿³Î ¹öÀü (¿¹: 2.0.34)À» µ¹·ÁÁØ´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀº °Å±â¼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå¿¡ ¸Â´Â °ÍÀ» ãÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ conf.modules
ÈÀÏ¿¡ Çѹø Á¦´ë·Î ¼³Á¤À» Çß´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ
Çؼ ½ÃÇèÇØ º¼¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
modprobe ethN
dmesg | tail
`N'Àº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ½ÃÇèÇØ º¸°íÀÚÇÏ´Â ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽ºÀÇ ¼ýÀÚÀÌ´Ù.
Ä¿³Î ¾È¿¡ ÄÄÆÄÀÏµÇ¾î µé¾îÀÖ´Â µå¶óÀ̹ö·Î:
¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Ä¿³Î¿¡ ÄÄÆÄÀÏµÇ¾î µé¾îÀÖ´Â µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý
Ä«µå¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ ±× ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇϳªÀÇ
ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå¸¸ÀÌ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ã¾ÆÁø´Ù´Â °Í¿¡ ÁÖÀÇÇ϶ó. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿¹¹ÎÇÑ Ä«µåµéÀ» ãÀ»¶§
¹ß»ýÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ºÎÆýÃÀÇ ¿¡·¯¸¦ ÇÇÇϵµ·Ï ÇØÁØ´Ù.
(¾Ë¾ÆµÑ°Í: 2.1.x ÈĹݴëÀÇ Ä¿³Î¿¡¼´Â, ºÎÆ® °Ë»öÀÌ ¾ÈÀü°ú ºÒ¾ÈÀüÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾îÁ® ÀÖ°í,
±×·¡¼ ¸ðµç ¾ÈÀü (¿¹: PCI¿Í EISA) °Ë»öÀº ¸ðµç °ü·ÃµÈ Ä«µåµéÀ» ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ã¾ÆÁÖ°Ô µÈ
´Ù. (¿©·¯°³ÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå¸¦ °¡Áø ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ Àû¾îµµ ÇϳªÀÇ ISA Ä«µå¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì
¿¡´Â ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ °úÁ¤Áß Çϳª¸¦ Çؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.)
µÎ¹ø° (±×¸®°í »õ¹ø°, ±×¸®°í...) Ä«µå¸¦ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î °Ë»öÇϴµ¥´Â µÎ°¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
°¡Àå ½¬¿î ¹æ¹ýÀº º¸Åë LILO¸¦ ÅëÇØ Çϴ°Íó·³ ºÎÆýÿ¡ Ä¿³Î·Î Àμö¸¦ Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
µÎ¹ø° Ä«µå¸¦ ã´Â °ÍÀº ºÎÆýÿ¡ ether=0,0,eth1
ó·³ °£´ÜÇÑ Àμö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ
¸é µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡ eth0
¿Í eth1
´Â ºÎÆýÿ¡ ã¾ÆÁö´Â ¼ø¼´ë·Î
Á¤ÇØÁö°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ Ä«µå°¡ eth0
´Â 0x300
¿¡, ±×¸®°í
eth1
´Â 0x280
¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
LILO: linux ether=5,0x300,eth0 ether=15,0x280,eth1
ether=
¸í·ÉÀº À§¿¡¼ º¸¿©Áö´Â ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ IRQ + I/O + À̸§À» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ°Ô
µÈ´Ù. Àüü ¹®¹ý°ú ƯÁ¤ Ä«µå ÀÎÀÚµé, ±×¸®°í LILO ÆÁµéÀ» º¸·Á¸é ´ÙÀ½À» º¸¸é µÈ´Ù.
ÀÌ´õ³Ý Àμö Àü´ÞÇϱâ...
ÀÌ ºÎÆýÃÀÇ ÀμöµéÀº ¿µ±¸ÀûÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¸Å¹ø ´Ù½Ã ÃijÖÀ» ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù. LILO
¼³Á¤ ¿É¼ÇÁß `append
'´Â LILO ¸Å´º¾óÀ» º¸±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
µÎ¹ø° ¹æ¹ýÀº (±ÇÀåÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù) Space.c
¸¦ ÆíÁýÇؼ
I/O ÁÖ¼Ò Ç׸ñÀÇ 0xffe0
ºÎºÐÀ» ¿µÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²ãÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
0xffe0
ºÎºÐÀº ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡¿¡ ´ëÇؼ °Ë»öÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇØÁØ´Ù --
ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ¿µÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Û´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ÀåÄ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚµ¿°Ë»öÀ» ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¿©±â¼ ¾Ë¾ÆµÑ Á¡Àº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¸¸¾à ¸®´ª½º¸¦ µÎ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© »çÀÌÀÇ °ÔÀÌÆ®¿þÀÌ·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á°í
ÇÑ´Ù¸é, Ä¿³ÎÀ» IP Æ÷¿öµù °¡´ÉÀ¸·Î Çؼ ÀçÄÄÆÄÀÏ Çؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. º¸Åë ±¸½Ä AT/286¿¡
`kbridge'°°Àº ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ´õ ÁÁÀº ÇØ°á¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ³Ý ¼ÇÎ µµÁß¿¡ º¸°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é, Donald°¡ ±×ÀÇ WWW »çÀÌÆ®¿¡ °®°í
ÀÖ´Â ¹Ì´Ï ÇÏ¿ìÅõ¸¦ º¼¼öµµ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½À» È®ÀÎÇØ º¸¶ó.
Multiple Ethercards.
À§¿¡¼ ¼³¸íÇÑ °Íó·³, ether=
¸í·ÉÀº ´ÜÁö Ä¿³Î¾È¿¡ ÄÄÆÄÀϵǾî
µé¾îÀÖ´Â µå¶óÀ̹öµé¿¡ ´ëÇؼ¸¸ ÀÛµ¿ÇÑ´Ù. ¿äÁò ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¹èÆ÷ÆǵéÀº ¸ðµâ Çü½ÄÀ¸·ÎµÈ
µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀ» »ç¿ëÇϹǷΠether=
¸í·ÉÀº ´õÀÌ»ó °ÅÀÇ »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.(¸î¸î
¿À·¡µÈ ¹®¼µéÀº ÀÌ º¯È¸¦ ¹Ý¿µÇÏ¿© °»½ÅµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.) ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÀÌ´õ³Ý µå¶óÀ̹ö ¸ðµâ¿¡
¿É¼ÇµéÀ» Àû¿ëÇÏ·Á ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¹Ýµå½Ã /etc/conf.modules
ÈÀÏÀ» °íÃľ߸¸
ÇÑ´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Áö±Ý ÄÄÆÄÀÏµÈ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ LILO ¼³Á¤ÈÀÏ
¿¡ ether=
¸¦ Ãß°¡Çß´Ù¸é, ¹Ù²ï ¼³Á¤ ÈÀÏ·Î ½ÇÇàµÇµµ·Ï lilo
¸¦
Àç½ÇÇàÇϱâ Àü±îÁö´Â È¿°ú°¡ ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¸í½ÉÇضó.
Problem:
PCI NE2000 ȣȯīµå°¡ v2.0.x·Î ºÎÆýà ãÁú ¸øÇÑ´Ù.
Reason:
v2.0.30 ÀÌÇÏ¿¡¼ÀÇ ne.c
µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â ´ÜÁö RealTek 8029 ±â¹Ý ȣȯīµåµéÀÇ PCI ID
³Ñ¹ö¸¸À» ¾Ë°íÀֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î PCI NE2000 ȣȯīµå·Î ³ª¿Â, ´Ù¸¥ PCI ID ³Ñ¹ö¸¦
°¡Áø Ä«µåµéÀ» µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ ã¾Æ ³»Áö ¸øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Solution:
°¡Àå ½¬¿î ÇØ°áÃ¥Àº ¸®´ª½º Ä¿³Î¹öÀü v2.0.31 (¶Ç´Â ±× ÀÌ»ó)À¸·Î ¾÷±×·¹À̵åÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
À̵éÀº ´Ù¼¸°¡Áö ´Ù¸¥ NE2000-PCI Ĩµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ID ³Ñ¹ö¸¦ ¾Ë°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ºÎÆýÿ¡³ª
¸ðµâÀÌ ÀûÀçµÇ´Â ½Ã°£¿¡ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ±×µéÀ» ã¾Æ³¾ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ 2.0.34 (¶Ç´Â ±×
ÀÌ»ó)À¸·Î ¾÷±×·¹À̵å Çϸé, °Å±â¿¡´Â ¿À¸®Áö³¯ ISA/PCI µå¶óÀ̹öº¸´Ù ¾à°£ ´õ ÀÛ°í º¸´Ù
È¿À²ÀûÀÎ PCI¸¸ÀÇ Æ¯Á¤ NE2000 µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
Problem:
PCI NE2000 ȣȯ Ä«µå°¡ v2.0.x¿¡¼ ºÎÆýóª ne.o ¸ðµâÀ» ÀûÀçÇÒ¶§ ne1000 (8ºñÆ® Ä«µå!)
¶ó°í ³ª¿À°í, ±×¸®°í³ª¼´Â ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
Reason:
¸î¸î PCI ȣȯÁ¦Ç°µéÀº ¹ÙÀÌÆ® ÆøÀÇ Á¢±ÙÀ» ±¸ÇöÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.(±×¸®°í ÁøÂ¥ 100% NE2000 ȣȯ
ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù). ÀÌ ¶§¹®¿¡ NE1000 Ä«µå·Î »ý°¢ÇÏ°í ã¾Æ³»´Â °á°ú°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª°Ô µÈ´Ù.
Solution:
À§¿¡¼ ¼³¸íÇß´ø °Íó·³ v2.0.31 (¶Ç´Â ±× ÀÌ»ó)À¸·Î ¾÷±×·¹À̵å Çؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ±× µå¶óÀ̹ö(µé)
Àº ÇöÀç ÀÌ Çϵå¿þ¾î ¹ö±×¸¦ °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.
Problem:
PCI NE2000 Ä«µå°¡ ¼º´É ÆÁ ºÎºÐ¿¡ ¼³¸íµÈ´ë·Î À©µµ¿ì »çÀÌÁ ÁÙÀ϶§¿¡µµ Á¤¸» ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ
¼º´ÉÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
Reason:
°³¹ßÇؼ ÆǸŵÈÁö ½Ê³âµµ ´õ µÈ ¿À¸®Áö³¯ 8390 ĨÀÇ ½ºÆå Ç¥¸¦ º¸¸é, ÃÖ»óÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤¼ºÀ» À§ÇØ
°¢ ¾²±â ÀÛ¾÷Çϱâ Àü¿¡ ĨÀÌ ´À¸° Àб⸦ ¿äûÇÑ´Ù°í ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ±× µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â v1.2 Ä¿³Î
¶§ºÎÅÍ ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ±×·± ±â´ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ¾ø°Ô µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÑ »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ¸»Çϱâ·Î´Â ±× `À߸ø
µÈ ±â´É'À» ´Ù½Ã »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ¸é °ª½Ñ PCI NE2000 ȣȯ Ä«µåÀÇ ¼º´É¿¡ µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.
Solution:
ÀÌ ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ÇØ°áÃ¥Àº ´ÜÁö ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÇÑÅ×¼¸¸ ³ª¿Ô±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ±×·¸°Ô Èñ¸ÁÀûÀÌÁö´Â ¾Ê´Ù. ¾²±â
Àü¿¡ Àб⸦ ´Ù½Ã °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô °íÄ¡´Â °ÍÀº linux/drivers/net/
¾ÈÀÇ µå¶óÀ̹ö ÈÀÏ
À» °£´ÜÇÏ°Ô ÆíÁýÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. NE_RW_BUGFIX
¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ÁÙÀÇ ÁÖ¼®À» Á¦°ÅÇÏ
°í Ä¿³ÎÀ̳ª ¸ðµâÀ» ÀûÀýÇÏ°Ô ÀçÄÄÆÄÀÏÇØÁÖ¸é µÈ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¿©·¯ºÐ¿¡°Ô µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù¸é,
¼º´ÉÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ¿Í Ä«µå/Ĩ¼Â Á¾·ù¸¦ ±â¼úÇÏ¿© ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô e-mailÀ» º¸³»Áֱ⠹ٶõ´Ù. (
ne2k-pci.c
µå¶óÀ̹ö¿¡ ´ëÇؼµµ µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.)
Problem:
ne2k-pci.c
µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ PCI NE2000 Ä«µå¿¡¼ timeout waiting for Tx RDC
¿Í °°Àº
¿¡·¯ ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ º¸³»°í Á¦´ë·Î ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
Reason:
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå¿Í/¶Ç´Â Ä«µå¿¡¼ PCI ¹ö½º·ÎÀÇ ¿¬°áÀÌ ÀÌ µå¶óÀ̹ö¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÈ long word I/O
optimizationÀ» ´Ù·ê¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Solution:
¿ì¼±, BIOS/CMOS ¼³Á¤¿¡¼ ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ÀÛµ¿À» ¹æÇØÇÏ´Â PCI ¹ö½º ŸÀֿ̹¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¼³Á¤
ÀÌ¶óµµ È®ÀÎÇØ º¸¶ó. ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê´Ù¸é ISA/PCI ne.c
µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ (¾Æ´Ï¸é
ne2k-pci.c
¿¡¼ #define USE_LONGIO
ºÎºÐÀ» ¾ø¾Ö°í) Ä«µå¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϵµ·Ï ÇؾßÇÑ´Ù.
Probem:
ISA Plug and Play NE2000 (RealTek 8019°°Àº)ÀÌ ÀâÈ÷Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
Reason:
¿ø·¡ÀÇ NE2000 »ç¾ç¿¡´Â (±×¸®°í ¸®´ª½º NE2000 µå¶óÀ̹öµµ) Ç÷¯±× ¾Ø Ç÷¹ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö¿øÀº
¾ø´Ù.
Solution:
PnP¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ¾ø°Ô Çϱâ À§Çؼ Ä«µå¿Í ÇÔ²² µû¶ó¿À´Â DOS ¼³Á¤ µð½ºÅ©¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ, Ä«µå¿¡
ƯÁ¤ I/O ÁÖ¼Ò¿Í IRQ¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í /etc/conf.modules
¿¡
options ne io=0xNNN
¿Í °°Àº ¶óÀÎÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù. ¿©±â¼ 0xNNN
´Â
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Ä«µå¿¡ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ 16Áø¼ö I/O ÁÖ¼ÒÀÌ´Ù. (¿©±â¼´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¸ðµâ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ
´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é ºÎÆ®½Ã¿¡ ether=0,0xNNN,eth0
Àμö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù).
¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¶ÇÇÑ BIOS/CMOS ¼³Á¤¿¡ µé¾î°¡¼ PnP ´ë½Å¿¡ Legacy-ISA¿ë IRQ¿¡ Ç¥½ÃÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¸¸¾à ¸î¸î ´Ù¸¥ ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦¿ÍÀÇ È£È¯¼ºÀ» À§Çؼ PnP¸¦ °¡´ÉÇÑ »óÅ·Π³²°ÜµÖ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù¸é
isapnptools ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ ã¾Æº¸¶ó. man isapnp
¸¦ Ãļ ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ
½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇغ¸¶ó. ¾Æ´Ï¸é, ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ URLÀ» ã¾Æº¸¶ó.
ISA PNP Tools
Problem:
NE*000 µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ ºÎÆ® °Ë»ö½Ã¿¡ `not found (no reset ack)'¶ó´Â ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
Reason:
ÀÌ°ÍÀº À§ÀÇ º¯È¿Í °ü°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. Ãʱâ È®ÀÎÀÛ¾÷ ÈÄ¿¡ 8390Àº °Ë»öµÈ I/O ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡ ÀְԵǰí
¸®¼ÂÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù. Ä«µå°¡ ¿ÏÀüÇÏ°Ô ¸®¼ÂÀÌ µÉ¶§, ¸®¼ÂÀÌ ³¡³µ´Ù°í ¾Ë¸®°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ
Ä«µå°¡ ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê´Ù¸é, µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â ÇöÀç ¾î¶°ÇÑ NE Ä«µåµµ ¾ø´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.
Solution:
µå¶óÀ̹ö¿¡°Ô ºÎÆýÿ¡ 0xbad
ÀÇ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â mem_end
16Áø¼ö
°ªÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¾ÈÁÁÀº Ä«µå¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë·ÁÁÙ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº
0xbad
ÀÇ ÀçÁ¤ÀǸ¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§ Ä«µå¿¡ ¿µÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ I/O ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ Á¦°øÇؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.
¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ¸®¼ÂµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â Ä«µå°¡ 0x340
¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¾²¸é µÉ°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
LILO: linux ether=0,0x340,0,0xbad,eth0
ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå°¡ ¸®¼ÂÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌÁö ¾Ê´õ¶óµµ Ä«µå Ž»öÀ» °è¼ÓÇϵµ·Ï ÇØÁØ´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ¸ðµâ·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é, I/O ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ÁØ°Íó·³
bad=0xbad
¿É¼ÇÀ» ³Ö¾îÁÙ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Problem:
óÀ½ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇÒ ¶§ NE*000 Ä«µå°¡ ¸Ó½ÅÀ» Á¤Áö½ÃŲ´Ù.
Reason:
ÀÌ ¹®Á¦´Â 1.1.57Á¤µµÀÇ ¿À·¡µÈ Ä¿³Î¿¡¼ ÇöÀç¿¡±îÁö º¸°íµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¸î¸î ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î
·Î ¼³Á¤°¡´ÉÇÑ È£È¯ Ä«µåµé¿¡¼¸¸ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¾î¶² Ưº°ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î Ãʱâȸ¦ ÇØÁÖ¾î¾ß
ÇÑ´Ù.
Solution:
¸î¸î »ç¶÷µéÀº ¸®´ª½º¿¡¼ Ä«µå¸¦ ÀÛµ¿½ÃÅ°±âÀ§ÇØ ¿úºÎÆà (Áï, loadlin À̳ª `¼¼¼Õ°¡¶ôÀλç
- ctrl+alt+del:¿ªÀÚÁÖ')Çϱâ Àü¿¡ Á¦°øµÇ´Â DOS ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ¼³Á¤ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À̳ª DOS µå¶óÀ̹ö
¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÒ¶§¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù°í º¸°íÇß´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÀÌ Ä«µåµéÀÌ ÇöÀç ¸®´ª½º µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀÌ ÇÏ´Â °Í
°ú´Â ¾à°£ ´Ù¸£°Ô, ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÃʱâȵǾî¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
Problem:
0x360
¿¡¼ NE*000 ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå°¡ ÀâÈ÷Áú ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
Reason:
NE2000 Ä«µå´Â 0x20
ÀÇ I/O ÆøÀ» °®´Âµ¥, À̶§¹®¿¡ Æз¯·¼ Æ÷Æ®ÀÇ ÁÖ¼ÒÀÎ
0x378
¸¦ ħ¹üÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×ÀÚ¸®¿¡´Â µÎ¹ø° Ç÷ÎÇÇ ÄÜÆ®·Ñ·¯(¸¸ÀÏ ÀÖ´Ù¸é)°¡
0x370
¿¡ ±×¸®°í µÎ¹ø° IDE ÄÜÆ®·Ñ·¯°¡ 0x376--0x377
°¡ ÀÖÀ»¼ö
ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ±× Æ÷Æ®(µé)°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ´Ù¸¥ µå¶óÀ̹ö¿¡ ÀÇÇØ µî·ÏÀÌ µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù¸é, Ä¿³ÎÀº Ž»öÀ»
ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Solution:
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ 0x280, 0x340, 0x320
°°Àº ÁÖ¼Ò·Î ¿Å±â°Å³ª Æз¯·¼ ÇÁ¸°ÅÍ
Áö¿ø ¾øÀÌ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇ϶ó.
Problem:
¹º°¡¸¦ ÇÁ¸°Æ®Çϱ⸸ ÇÏ¸é ³×Æ®¿öÅ©°¡ `Á×¾î¹ö¸°´Ù' (NE2000)
Reason:
À§¿Í °°Àº ¹®Á¦ÀÌÁö¸¸, I/O¿µ¿ªÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ´õ ¿À·¡µÈ Ä¿³ÎÀ» »ç¿ëÁßÀÌ´Ù. À§¿¡¼ ó·³
ÇØ°áÇÏ¸é µÇ°í, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¾²´Â °Íº¸´Ù »õ Ä¿³ÎÀ» ±¸Ç϶ó.
Problem:
NE*000 ethercard probe at 0xNNN: 00 00 C5 ... not found.
(invalid signature yy zz)
Reason:
¿ì¼± ¸ÕÀú, 0xNNN ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡ NE1000 ¶Ç´Â NE2000 Ä«µå°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï±î? ±×¸®°í ¸¸ÀÏ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, Çϵå¿þ
¾î ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ Á¦´ë·ÎµÈ °Íó·³ ³ª¿À´Â°¡? ±×·¸´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ÇüÆí¾ø´Â NE*000 ȣȯīµå¸¦ °®°í
ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸ðµç NE*000 ȣȯÁ¦Ç°µéÀº Ä«µåÀÇ SA PROMÀÇ 14 ¿Í 15 ¹ø° ¹ÙÀÌÆ®¿¡
0x57
°ªÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ °¡Áø°ÍÀº ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê´Ù -- ´ë½Å `yy zz'¸¦ °¡Áö
°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Solution:
¿©±â¿¡´Â µÎ°¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. °¡Àå ½¬¿î ¹æ¹ýÀº À§ÀÇ `no reset ack' ¹®Á¦¿¡¼ ¼³¸íÇÑ °Íó·³
0xbad
mem_end °ªÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÏ¸é ¼¸í È®ÀÎÀ» ÇÏÁö¾Ê°í Áö
³ª°¥ °ÍÀÌ°í, ¿µÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ I/O ÁÖ¼Ò°ªµµ ÁÖ¾îÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº Ä¿³ÎÀ» ÀçÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡
¾ø´Ù.
µÎ¹ø° ¹æ¹ýÀº(ÇØÄ¿µé¿¡°Ô ÇØ´çµÇ°ÚÁö¸¸) µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù°í, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä¿³Î(¶Ç´Â ¸ðµâ)À»
ÀçÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±× µå¶óÀ̹ö(/usr/src/linux/drivers/net/ne.c)´Â ¾à 42¹ø ¶óÀÎÁ¤µµ¿¡
"Hall of Shame(ºÎ²ô·¯¿òÀÇ Àü´ç)" ¸ñ·ÏÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ñ·ÏÀº À߸øµÈ ȣȯǰµéÀ» ã¾Æ³»´Âµ¥
»ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, DFI Ä«µåµéÀº 14¿Í 15 ¹ÙÀÌÆ®¿¡ 0x57
¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ´ë½Å, PROMÀÇ
óÀ½ 3¹ÙÀÌÆ®¿¡ `DFI'¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
Problem:
¸Ó½ÅÀÌ ºÎÆÃÁß¿¡ `8390...' À̳ª `WD....' ¸Þ¼¼Áö ¹Ù·Î ´ÙÀ½¿¡¼ ¸ØÃç¹ö¸°´Ù.
Solution:
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ NE2000 ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ 0x340
°°Àº °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î¶ó. ¾Æ´Ï¸é, ``ether='' Àμö¿Í ÇÔ²²
``reserve=''Àμö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ´Ù¸¥ ÀåÄ¡ µå¶óÀ̹öÀÇ °Ë»ö¿¡¼ Ä«µå¸¦ º¸È£ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Reason:
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ NE2000 ȣȯÁ¦Ç°Àº ÃæºÐÈ÷ ÁÁÀº ȣȯǰÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´Â NE2000Àº ¾î¶°ÇÑ
µå¶óÀ̹öÀÇ ÀÚµ¿°Ë»ö¿¡µµ °É¸°´Ù.
NE2000À» ´Ù¸¥ ÀÚµ¿°Ë»ö¿¡¼ ¹þ¾î³ªµµ·Ï ´ú ¾²ÀÌ´Â ÁÖ¼Ò·Î ¹Ù²Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸Ó½ÅÀº ºÎÆõÉ
°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Problem:
ºÎÆýÿ¡ SCSI Ž»öµµÁß ¸ØÃç¹ö¸°´Ù.
Reason:
À̰͵µ À§ÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿Í °°À¸¹Ç·Î, ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µåÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù°Å³ª, ¾Æ´Ï¸é reserve/ether ºÎÆÃ
ÀμöµéÀ» »ç¿ëÇϸéµÈ´Ù.
Problem:
ºÎÆýÿ¡ »ç¿îµå Ä«µå¸¦ ã´ÂµµÁß¿¡ ¸Ó½ÅÀÌ ¸ØÃß¾î ¹ö¸°´Ù.
Reason:
¾Æ´Ï´Ù, ±×°ÍÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â Á¶¿ëÇÑ SCSI Ž»öµµÁßÀ̹ǷÎ, À§ÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿Í °°´Ù.
Problem:
NE2000 ÀÌ ºÎÆýÿ¡ ã¾ÆÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù - ºÎÆ® ¸Þ¼¼Áö°¡ ÀüÇô ¾ø´Ù.
Solution:
±×°ÍÀÌ Ã£¾ÆÁöÁö ¾Ê´Âµ¥´Â ¼ö¸¹Àº ¿øÀÎÀÌ ÀÖÀ»¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ `¸¶¹ýÀÇ ÇØ°áÃ¥'Àº ¾ø´Ù.
´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ³»¿ëµéÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ ¹®Á¦µéÀ» ÇØ°áÇϴµ¥ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
1) ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â ÀåÄ¡ µå¶óÀ̹öµé¸¸ °¡Áö°í »õ Ä¿³ÎÀ» ¸¸µç´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Á¤¸»·Î »õ Ä¿³Î·Î ºÎÆÃÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÎÁö È®ÀÎÇ϶ó. lilo¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ±î¸ÔÁö
¾Ê¾Ò´ÂÁö µîµî..À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ÀÌÀüÀÇ °ÍÀ¸·Î ºÎÆõɼö ÀÖ´Ù. (ºÎÆýÿ¡ ³ª¿À´Â ¸¸µç ½Ã°£/³¯Â¥¸¦
ÀÚ¼¼È÷ º¸¶ó.) ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌÀü¿¡ ¸ðµç°ÍÀ» ´Ù Çß´Ù.System.map
ÈÀϾÈÀÇ ne_probe
¿Í
°°Àº À̸§µéÀ» È®ÀÎÇؼ, »õ Ä¿³Î¿¡ Á¤¸»·Î ±× µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇ϶ó.
2) ºÎÆ® ¸Þ¼¼ÁöµéÀ» ÁÖÀÇÇؼ »ìÆ캸¶ó. ±×°÷¿¡ `NE*000 probe at 0xNNN: not found (¾î¼±¸
Àú¼±¸)' °°Àº ne2k °Ë»ö¿¡ °üÇÑ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¾ð±ÞÀÌ ÀÖ´ÂÁö, ¾Æ´Ï¸é Á¶¿ëÇÏ°Ô ½ÇÆÐÇÏ´ÂÁö ¸»ÀÌ´Ù.
°Å±â¿¡´Â Å« Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ·Î±×ÀÎÇÑ µÚ¿¡ ºÎÆ® ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ ´Ù½Ãº¸·Á¸é dmesg|more
¸¦
»ç¿ëÇϰųª, ºÎÆÃµÈ ÈÄ ·Î±×ÀÎ ÇÁ·ÒÇÁÆ®°¡ ³ª¿ÂµÚ¿¡ Shift-PgUpÀ» ´·¯¼ ȸéÀ» À§·Î ½ºÅ©·ÑÇØ
°¡¸ç º¸¸éµÈ´Ù.
3) ºÎÆÃÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡, cat /proc/ioports
¸¦ Ä¡°í Ä«µå°¡ ÇÊ¿ä·ÎÇÏ´Â ÀÔÃâ·Â°ø°£ ÀüºÎ°¡
ºñ¾îÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇ϶ó. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå°¡ 0x300
¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ne2k µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â
0x300-0x31f
¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¾î¶² ´Ù¸¥ ÀåÄ¡ µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ ±× ¹üÀ§³»¿¡ ÇÑ Æ÷Æ®¶óµµ
µî·ÏÇß´Ù¸é, ±× ÁÖ¼ÒÀÇ °Ë»öÀº µÇÁö ¾Ê°í ´ÙÀ½ °Ë»ö ÁÖ¼Ò·Î ³Ñ¾î°¡ °è¼ÓÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡ lp µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ 0x378
¸¦ °®°Å³ª µÎ¹ø° IDE ä³ÎÀÌ 0x376
¸¦ °¡Áö¹Ç·Î
ne µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ 0x360-0x380
¸¦ °Ë»öÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.
4) cat /proc/interrupts
¿¡ ´ëÇؼµµ À§¿Í °°ÀÌ Çغ¸¶ó. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå°¡
¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ÀÎÅÍ·´Æ®¿¡ Ȥ½Ã ´Ù¸¥ ÀåÄ¡°¡ µî·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇ϶ó. ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â, °Ë»öÀº
ÀÌ·ç¾îÁöÁö¸¸, ÀÌ´õ³Ý µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â ¿øÇÏ´Â IRQ ¶óÀÎÀ» ¾òÀ»¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸ç ºÎÆýÃÇØ Å©°Ô ºÒÆòÇÒ
°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
5) ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ µå¶óÀ̹öÀÇ ¸»¾ø´Â ½ÇÆп¡ ´çȲÇØÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é, µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ÆíÁýÇؼ
°Ë»öÀ» À§ÇÑ ¸îÁÙÀÇ printk()¸¦ Ãß°¡Ç϶ó. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ne2k¿¡¼´Â
linux/drivers/net/ne.c
¸¦ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸î¸îÁÙ¿¡ Ãß°¡/»èÁ¦(`+' ³ª `-' ·Î Ç¥±â)
ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
int reg0 = inb_p(ioaddr);
+ printk("NE2k probe - now checking %x\n",ioaddr);
- if (reg0 == 0xFF)
+ if (reg0 == 0xFF) {
+ printk("NE2k probe - got 0xFF (vacant I/O port)\n");
return ENODEV;
+ }
±×·¸°Ô ÇÏ°í³ª¸é °¢°¢ÀÇ Æ÷Æ® ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡ ´ëÇÑ È®ÀÎ ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ
Ä«µå ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ °Ë»öµÇ´ÂÁö ¾ÈµÇ´ÂÁö º¼¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
6) ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¶ÇÇÑ DonÀÇ ftp »çÀÌÆ®(ÇÏ¿ìÅõ³»¿¡ Àß ¼³¸íµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù)¿¡¼ ne2k Á¡°Ë µµ±¸¸¦
°¡Á®¿Í¼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¸®´ª½º·Î ºÎÆÃÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡ Ä«µå¸¦ ãÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾ø´ÂÁö º¼¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
`-p 0xNNN
' ¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇؼ Ä«µå¸¦ ãÀ» °÷ÀÌ ¾îµðÀÎÁö ¸»ÇØÁÙ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î
0x300
°¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö¸¸ ºÎÆýÃÀÇ °Ë»ö°ú´Â ´Þ¸® ´Ù¸¥ ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °Ë»öÀº ÀÌ·ç¾î ÁöÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù.)
Ä«µå¸¦ ã¾ÒÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °á°ú Ãâ·ÂÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù:
Checking the ethercard at 0x300.
Register 0x0d (0x30d) is 00
Passed initial NE2000 probe, value 00.
8390 registers: 0a 00 00 00 63 00 00 00 01 00 30 01 00 00 00 00
SA PROM 0: 00 00 00 00 c0 c0 b0 b0 05 05 65 65 05 05 20 20
SA PROM 0x10: 00 00 07 07 0d 0d 01 01 14 14 02 02 57 57 57 57
NE2000 found at 0x300, using start page 0x40 and end page 0x80.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸®Áö½ºÅÍ °ª°ú PROM °ªµéÀº ¾Æ¸¶ ¼·Î ´Ù¸¦ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾Ë¾ÆµÑ °ÍÀº 16ºñÆ® Ä«µåÀÇ °æ¿ì
¸ðµç PROM °ªµéÀº µÎ¹èÀ̸ç, ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÁÖ¼Ò (00:00:c0:b0:05:65)´Â óÀ½ Çà¿¡, ±×¸®°í µÎ°³ÀÇ
0x57
»çÀÎÀº PROMÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸·¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
0x300
¿¡ ¼³Ä¡µÈ Ä«µå°¡ ¾øÀ»¶§ÀÇ °á°ú Ãâ·ÂÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù:
Checking the ethercard at 0x300.
Register 0x0d (0x30d) is ff
Failed initial NE2000 probe, value ff.
8390 registers: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
SA PROM 0: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
SA PROM 0x10: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
Invalid signature found, wordlength 2.
0xff
°ªµéÀº ºñ¾îÀÖ´Â I/O Æ÷Æ®¸¦ ÀÐÀ»¶§ ¹ÝȯµÇ´Â °ªÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ °Ë»öµÈ ¿µ¿ª ¾È¿¡
¾î¶² ´Ù¸¥ Çϵå¿þ¾î°¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, 0xff
¾Æ´Ñ °ªµéÀ» º¸°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
7) Á¦°øµÇ´Â DOS µå¶óÀ̹ö³ª ¼³Á¤ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ½ÇÇàÇÏ°í ³ ÈÄ¿¡ DOS ºÎÆ® Ç÷ÎÇÇ¿¡¼
(loadlinÀ¸·Î) ¸®´ª½º·Î ¿úºÎÆÃÀ» Çغ¸¶ó. ÀÌ°ÍÀº Ä«µå¸¦ ÃʱâÈÇÏ´Â Á» ´Ù¸¥(Áï ºñÇ¥ÁØÀûÀÎ)
"¸¶¹ý"ÀÌ´Ù.
8) Russ NelsonÀÇ ne2000.com ÆÐŶ µå¶óÀ̹ö·Î ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå¸¦ º¼¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö Çغ¸¶ó -- ¸¸ÀÏ
¾Æ´Ï¸é, »óȲÀº º°·Î ÁÁÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ¿¹´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
A:> ne2000 0x60 10 0x300
ÀμöµéÀº ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ÀÎÅÍ·´Æ® º¤ÅÍ, Çϵå¿þ¾î IRQ, ±×¸®°í I/O ÁÖ¼ÒÀÌ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¾î¶°ÇÑ
msdos ¾ÆÄ«À̺꿡¼³ª pktdrv11.zipÀ» ¾òÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´Ù -- ÇöÀç ¹öÀüÀº ¾Æ¸¶ 11ÀÌ»óÀϲ¨´Ù.
Problem:
´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¸Þ¼¼Áö°¡ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù:
eth0: bogus packet size: 65531, status=0xff, nxpg=0xff
Reason:
ÀÌ°ÍÀº °øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸® ¹®Á¦ÀÌ´Ù.
Solution:
À̹®Á¦ÀÇ °¡Àå ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¿øÀÎÀº ISA ¸Þ¸ð¸® ÀåÄ¡µé¾È¿¡ ¸ÅÇÎÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº PCI ¸Ó½Åµé
¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¹ÞÀº ÆÐŶµéÀÇ µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â Ä«µåÀÇ RAM ´ë½Å¿¡ PCÀÇ RAM(¸ðµÎ
0xff
°ª)À» ³¡±îÁö Àд´Ù.
½±°Ô °íÄ¥¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦µéÀº º¸µå Ãæµ¹, ij½¬¸¦ °¡Áö°Å³ª ±× ¿µ¿ª¿¡ ´ëÇØ
`shadow ROM'À» °¡´ÉÇÒ°Ô Çϴ°Í, ¾Æ´Ï¸é ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ISA ¹ö½º°¡ 8Mhzº¸´Ù »¡¸£°Ô ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´Â
°æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. À̵鵵 ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå»óÀÇ ¸Þ¸ð¸® ½ÇÆÐ ¼ýÀÚ°¡ ¸¹Àºµ¥, ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µåÁß¿¡
±×·¯ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é Á¡°Ë ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ½ÇÇàÇغ¸¶ó.
Problem:
SMC EtherEZ °¡ ºñ°øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸® (PIO) ¸ðµå¿¡¼ ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
Reason:
Ultra µå¶óÀ̹öÀÇ ¿À·¡µÈ ¹öÀüµéÀº Ä«µå°¡ °øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸® ¸ðµå¿¡¼¸¸ ÀÛµ¿Çϵµ·Ï µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
Solution:
Ä¿³Î ¹öÀü 2.0 ÀÌ»ó¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â programmed I/O¸ðµå¿¡¼ÀÇ ÀÛµ¿µµ Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù.
v2.0 À̳ª ±× ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î ¾÷±×·¹À̵åÇ϶ó.
Problem:
±¸Çü wd8003 °ú/¶Ç´Â Á¡ÆÛ¼³Á¤ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ wd8013°¡ Ç×»ó IRQ¸¦ À߸ø ¾ò´Â´Ù.
Reason:
±¸Çü wd8003 Ä«µåµé°ú Á¡ÆÛ¼³Á¤ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ wd8013 ȣȯÁ¦Ç°µéÀº µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ IRQ ¼³Á¤À»
ÀоîµéÀÏ EEPROMÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ IRQ¸¦ ÀоîµéÀϼö ¾øÀ¸¸é, ±×´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â
ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î IRQ¸¦ ã´Â´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¸¸ÀÏ ÀÚµ¿ IRQ°¡ ¿µÀ» ¹ÝȯÇϸé, µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â 8ºñÆ® Ä«µå¿¡°Ô´Â
IRQ 5¸¦, 16ºñÆ® Ä«µå¿¡°Ô´Â IRQ 10À» ÇÒ´çÇÑ´Ù.
Solution:
ÀÚµ¿ IRQ °Ë»ö Äڵ带 ÇÇÇÏ·Á¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸ðµâ ¼³Á¤ ÈÀÏ¿¡(¶Ç´Â Ä¿³Î³»ÀÇ µå¶óÀ̹öÀÏ °æ¿ì
ºÎÆýÿ¡ Àμö¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇؼ) ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå Á¡ÆÛ°¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â IRQ°¡ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö Àû¾î¼ Ä¿³Î¿¡
¾Ë·Á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
Problem:
SMC Ultra Ä«µå°¡ wd8013·Î ÀâÈ÷´Âµ¥, IRQ¿Í °øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸® ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ À߸øµÇ°Ô ÀâÈù´Ù.
Reason:
Ultra Ä«µå´Â wd8013°ú ¸Å¿ì ºñ½ÁÇØ º¸¿©¼, ¸¸ÀÏ Ultra µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ Ä¿³Î³»¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é,
wd µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â ultra¸¦ wd8013À¸·Î À߸ø ÀνÄÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ultraÀÇ °Ë»öÀº wdÀÇ °Ë»öº¸´Ù
¸ÕÀúÇϰԵȴÙ. ±×·¡¼ ÀÌ·±ÀÏÀº º¸Åë ÀϾÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ultra´Â wd8013°ú ´Þ¸® IRQ¿Í ¸Þ¸ð¸®
ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ EEPROM¿¡ ÀúÀåÇϹǷÎ, °¡Â¥ °ªµéÀÌ º¸°íµÈ´Ù.
Solution:
¿©·¯ºÐ¿¡°Ô ÇÊ¿äÇÑ µå¶óÀ̹öµé¸¸À» Ä¿³Î³»¿¡ ´ã¾Æ ÀçÄÄÆÄÀÏÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÇÑ ¸Ó½Å¿¡
wd ¿Í ultra Ä«µå¸¦ ¸ðµÎ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ°í, ¸ðµâÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é ultra ¸ðµâÀ» ¸ÕÀú ·ÎµåÇ϶ó.
Problem:
3c503ÀÌ IRQ NÀ» °í¸£´Âµ¥, ´Ù¸¥ ÀåÄ¡µéµµ IRQ NÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·ÎÇÑ´Ù. (eg. CD ROM µå¶óÀ̹ö, ¸ðµ©,
µîµî.) Ä¿³Î¾È¿¡ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÌ°ÍÀ» °íÄ¥¼ö´Â ¾øÀ»±î?
Solution:
3c503 µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â {5, 9/2, 3, 4}ÀÇ ¼ø¼´ë·Î ºñ¾îÀÖ´Â IRQ¸¦ Ž»öÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖÁö
¾ÊÀº°ÍÀ» °í¸¥´Ù.µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â Ä«µå°¡ ifconfig
µÇ¾îÁö°í ÀÖÀ»¶§ °í¸£°Ô µÈ´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¸ðµâ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº IRQ °ªÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇؼ ¸¹Àº °ÍµéÀ»
¼³Á¤ÇϱâÀ§ÇØ ¸ðµâ ÀÎÀÚµéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¾Æ·¡¿¡¼´Â IRQ9¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ°í, ÁÖ¼Ò´Â 0x300
,<¹«½ÃµÈ °ª>, ±×¸®°í
if_port #1(¿ÜºÎ ´ÜÀÚ:external transceiver)·Î Á¤ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
io=0x300 irq=9 xcvr=1
¶ÇÇÑ, ¸¸ÀÏ µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ Ä¿³Î³»¿¡ ÄÄÆÄÀϵǾî ÀÖÀ¸¸é, ºÎÆýÿ¡ LILO¿¡ ÀÎÀÚµéÀ» ³Ñ°ÜÁÜÀ¸·ÎÇؼ
°°Àº °ªÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
LILO: linux ether=9,0x300,0,1,eth0
´ÙÀ½¿¡¼´Â IRQ3À» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ°í, ±â¹Ý ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ Ž»öÇϸç, <¹«½ÃµÈ °ª>, ±×¸®°í ±âº»
if_port #0 (³»ºÎ ´ÜÀÚ:internal transceiver)·Î Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
LILO: linux ether=3,0,0,0,eth0
Problem:
3c503: ¼³Á¤µÈ ÀÎÅÍ·´Æ® X °¡ À߸øµÈ °ÍÀ̹ǷÎ, ÀÚµ¿ IRQ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀÓ.
Reason:
3c503 Ä«µå´Â ´ÜÁö IRQ{5, 2/9, 3, 4}Áß¿¡ Çϳª¸¸ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
(À̵éÀº Ä«µå¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇ¾îÀÖ´Â ¼±ÀÏ»ÓÀÌ´Ù.) ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ À§¿¡ ¼³Á¤µÈ °ªÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ IRQ °ªÀ»
³Ñ°ÜÁÖ¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº À§¿Í°°Àº ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ ¹Þ°ÔµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
º¸Åë, 3c503¿¡´Â ƯÁ¤ ÀÎÅÍ·´Æ® °ªÀ» Á¤ÇØÁÙ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù. 3c503Àº ifconfg½Ã¿¡ ÀÚµ¿IRQ¸¦
»ç¿ëÇؼ, {5, 2/9, 3, 4}ÁßÀÇ Çϳª¸¦ IRQ°ªÀ¸·Î °®°Ô µÈ´Ù.
Solution:
À§¿¡ ³ª¿µÈ ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ IRQ°ªµéÁß¿¡ Çϳª¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϰųª, IRQ ÇàÀ» ÀüÇô »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸»°í
ÀÚµ¿IRQ¸¦ ¾µ¼öÀÖ°Ô Ç϶ó.
Problem:
Á¦°øµÇ´Â 3c503 µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀº AUI (thicknet) Æ÷Æ®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¾î¶»°Ô ±âº» thinnet
Æ÷Æ®¸¦ ÅëÇØ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î?
Solution:
3c503 AUI Æ÷Æ®´Â Ä¿³Î³»Àå µå¶óÀ̹öÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ºÎÆýÿ¡, ¸ðµâÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â ¸ðµâ »ðÀԽÿ¡
¼±ÅÃÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±× ¼±ÅÃÀº ÇöÀç »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â dev->rmem_start º¯¼öÀÇ ³·Àº ºñÆ®¿¡
¿À¹ö·ÎµåµÇ¾îÁø´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Ä¿³Î¿¡ ³»ÀåµÈ µå¶óÀ̹ö¿¡ »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ºÎÆ®½ÃÀÇ ÀÎÀÚ´Â
´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
LILO: linux ether=0,0,0,1,eth0
¸ðµâ·Î ÀûÀçÇÒ¶§ AUI Æ÷Æ®¸¦ Á¤ÇØÁÖ·Á¸é, ´ÜÁö xcvr=1
¸¦ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ I/O ¿Í
IRQ °ª°ú ÇÔ²² ¸ðµâ ¿É¼Ç Çà¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
To specify the AUI port when loading as a module, just append
xcvr=1
to the module options line along with
your I/O and IRQ values.
¸®´ª½º¿Í ISA Plug and Play ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µåµé
ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ °á°ú¸¦ ¾ò±â À§Çؼ´Â(±×¸®°í ¾Ç¿µÇâÀ» ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑÀ¸·Î) ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå¿¡ µþ·Á¿À´Â
(º¸Åë DOS)ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» »ç¿ëÇؼ PnP ¸ÞÄ«´ÏÁòÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ°í, I/O ÁÖ¼Ò¿Í
IRQ¸¦ Á¤ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â I/O ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ ºÎÆ®½Ã¿¡ µå¶óÀ̹ö¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Å½»öµÇ´ÂÁö
È®ÀÎÇÏ°í, ¸¸ÀÏ ¸ðµâÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é /etc/conf.modules
¾È¿¡ io=
¿¡ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦
Àû¾îÁØ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¶ÇÇÑ BIOS/CMOS ¼³Á¤¿¡ µé¾î°¡¼ IRQ¸¦ PnP ´ë½Å¿¡ Legacy-ISA·Î ¼³Á¤Çؾß
ÇÑ´Ù(¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ°¡ ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¸»ÀÌ´Ù).
¿©·¯ºÐÀº º¸Åë DOS±â¹ÝÀÇ ¼³Á¤ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ½ÇÇàÇϱâ À§ÇØ DOS¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù.
Á¦°øµÇ´Â Ç÷ÎÇÇ µð½ºÅ©¿¡¼ ¹Ù·Î ½ÇÇàÇϱâ À§ÇØ DOS ºÎÆà µð½ºÅ©¸¦ »ç¿ëÇصµ µÇ°í, °øÂ¥ÀÎ
OpenDOS ¿Í FreeDOS¸¦ ´Ù¿î¹Þ¾Æ ¾µ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦¿ÍÀÇ È£È¯À» À§ÇØ PnP°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¸é ºÎÆö§¸¶´Ù ¸®´ª½º°¡ Ä«µå¸¦
¼³Á¤Çϵµ·Ï Çϱâ À§Çؼ isapnptools ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡µµ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡
Ž»öÇÒ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Ä«µåÀÇ I/O ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ Á¤ÇØÁְųª io=
¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁÖ°í È®ÀÎÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå°¡ ºÎÆýÿ¡ ÀâÈ÷Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
ÀÌ °æ¿ìÀÇ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¿øÀÎÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ Æ¯Á¤ Ä«µå¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ³»ÀåÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº
Ä¿³ÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¸ðµâ½Ä Ä¿³ÎÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â, ¸ðµâÀÇ ÀûÀç ¿äûÀÌ ¾ø´Ù°Å³ª, ¾Æ´Ï¸é
¸ðµâ ¿É¼ÇÀ¸·Î ƯÁ¤ÇÑ I/O ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ Á¤ÇØÁÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
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ƯÁ¤ ½Ã°£¿¡ Ä¿³Î³»¿¡ ÇϳªÀÇ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼¸¸ÀÌ Çã¿ëµÇ´Â »óȲÇÏ¿¡¼, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ½ÇÇàµÇ´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥
ÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀǵµÀûÀÎ °è»êÀ» ÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡¸¸ MP ¼º´ÉÀ» ¾òÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ
µð½ºÅ©³ª ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ ÀÐ°í ¾²´Â ÀÏ °°Àº ÀÔ/Ãâ·Â(I/O)À» ¸¹ÀÌ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, Ä¿³Î³»
¿¡ ½ÇÇàÁßÀÎ ÇϳªÀÇ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼°¡ ÀåÄ¡ µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀÇ ÀÔÃâ·Â ¿äûÀ» ½ÇÇàÇϱâ À§ÇØ ½ÃµµÇÏ´Â
µ¿¾È¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ÀÔÃâ·Â ¿äûÀÌ ³¡³ª±â¸¸À» ±â´Ù·Á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Ä¿³ÎÀÌ º´¸ñ
ÀÌ µÇ¾î ´ÜÁö ÇϳªÀÇ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼¸¸ÀÌ ½ÇÇàÁß¿¡ ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¹Ç·Î, single-lock ÀÎ, ÀÔÃâ·ÂÀÌ ¸¹Àº
MP ¸Ó½ÅÀÇ ¼º´ÉÀº ±Þ¼Óµµ·Î ´ÜÀÏ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼ ¸Ó½Å¿¡ °¡±õ°Ô ¶³¾îÁö°Ô µÈ´Ù.
ÀÌ°ÍÀº »ý°¢Çß´ø °Íº¸´Ù È®½ÇÈ÷ ¶³¾îÁö±â ¶§¹®¿¡ (ƯÈ÷, ÆÄÀÏ/WWW ¼¹ö, ¶ó¿ìÅÍ, µîµî) v2.2
Ä¿³Î¿¡¼´Â ´õ ÁÁÀº grained lockingÀ» °¡Áö°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù - ÀÌ°ÍÀº µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÇϳªÀÌ»óÀÇ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼°¡
Ä¿³Î³»¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. Àüü Ä¿³Î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇϳªÀÇ big lock ´ë½Å¿¡, Çϳª ÀÌ»ó
ÀÇ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼°¡ µ¿½Ã¿¡ µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ º¹Á¦ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹æÁöÇϱâ À§Çؼ ´Ù¼öÀÇ ÀÛÀº ¶ôµéÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ°Ô
µÇ¾ú´Ù. - Áï ÇϳªÀÇ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼°¡ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Ä«µåÀÇ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È¿¡, ´Ù¸¥ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼
´Â µ¿½Ã¿¡ µð½ºÅ© µå¶óÀ̺꿡 ´ëÇÑ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Okay, with that all in mind here are the snags: The finer locking
means that you can have one processor trying to send data
out through an ethernet driver while another processor tries to
access the same driver/card to do something else (such as get the
card statistics for cat /proc/net/dev
). Oops - your card
stats just got sent out over the wire, while you got data for
your stats instead. Yes, the card got confused by being asked
to do two (or more!) things at once, and chances are it crashed
your machine in the process.
±×·¡¼, UP¿¡¼ ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´Â µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀº ´õÀÌ»ó ÃæºÐÄ¡ ¾Ê´Ù - À̵éÀº ¼³Á¤ µ¥ÀÌŸÀÇ ¹Þ°í,
Àü¼ÛÇÏ°í, º¹»çÇÏ´Â ¼¼°¡Áö ÀÛ¾÷µéÀ» Ä«µå°¡ ¾ÈÁ¤µÈ ÀÛµ¿À» ÇÒÁ¤µµ·Î Á÷·ÄÈµÈ Ä«µåÀÇ Á¢±ÙÁ¦¾î
¶ôµéÀ» °»½ÅÇؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.
The scary
part here is that a driver not yet updated with locks for stable
MP operation will probably appear to be working in a MP machine
under light network load, but will crash the machine or at least
exhibit strange behaviour when two (or more!) processors try to
do more than one of these three tasks at the same time.
The updated MP aware ethernet driver will (at a
minimum) require a lock
around the driver that limits access at the entry points
from the kernel into the driver to `one at a time please'.
With this in place, things will be serialized so that the
underlying hardware should be treated just as if it was being
used in a UP machine, and so it should be stable. The downside
is that the one lock around the whole ethernet driver has
the same negative performance implications that having one big
lock around the whole kernel had (but on a smaller scale) - i.e.
you can only have one processor dealing with the card
at a time.
[Technical Note: The performance impact may also include
increased interrupt latencies if the locks that need to be
added are of the irqsave
type and they are held
for a long time.]
Possible improvements on this situation can be made in two
ways. You can try to minimize the time between when the lock is
taken and when it is released, and/or you can implement finer
grained locking within the driver (e.g. a lock around the whole
driver would be overkill if a lock or two protecting against
simultaneous access to a couple of sensitive registers/settings
on the card would suffice).
However, for older non-intelligent
cards that were never designed with MP use in mind, neither of
these improvements may be feasible. Worse yet is that the
non-intelligent cards typically require the processor to move
the data between the card and the computer memory, so in a
worst case scenario the lock will be held the whole time that
it takes to move each 1.5kB data packet over an ISA bus.
The more modern intelligent cards typically move network data
directly to and from the computer memory without any help from
a processor. This is a big win, since the lock is then only
held for the short time it takes the processor to tell the card
where in memory to get/store the next network data packet. More
modern card designs are less apt to require a single big
lock around the whole driver as well.
Alpha/AXP PCI º¸µåµé »óÀÇ ¸®´ª½º¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µåµé
v2.0¿¡¼´Â, ´ÜÁö 3c509, depca, de4x5, pcnet32, ±×¸®°í ¸ðµç 8390 µå¶óÀ̹öµé(wd, smc-ultra,
ne, 3c503, µîµî.)¸¸ÀÌ DEC Alpha CPU ±â¹Ý ½Ã½ºÅÛµé»ó¿¡¼ ÀÛµ¿ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖÀ» Á¤µµ·Î `¾ÆÅ°ÅØó
µ¶¸³Àû'À¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Ù. DonaldÀÇ WWW ÆäÀÌÁö¿¡¼µµ ¾ÆÅ°ÅØó µ¶¸³ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø ´Ù¸¥
¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®µÈ PCI µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀ» ãÀ»¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ¾ÆÅ°ÅØó µ¶¸³ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù´Â °ÍÀº º¹ÀâÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ´ÜÁö ´ÙÀ½À» µû¶ó
ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
-multiply all jiffies
related values by HZ/100 to account
for the different HZ value that the Alpha uses.
(i.e timeout=2;
becomes timeout=2*HZ/100;
)
-replace any I/O memory (640k to 1MB) pointer dereferences with
the appropriate readb() writeb() readl() writel() calls, as
shown in this example.
- int *mem_base = (int *)dev->mem_start;
- mem_base[0] = 0xba5eba5e;
+ unsigned long mem_base = dev->mem_start;
+ writel(0xba5eba5e, mem_base);
-replace all memcpy() calls that have I/O memory as source or
target destinations with the appropriate one of
memcpy_fromio()
or memcpy_toio()
.
Details on handling memory accesses in an architecture
independent fashion are documented in the file
linux/Documentation/IO-mapping.txt
that comes
with recent kernels.
SUN/Sparc Çϵå¿þ¾î »óÀÇ ¸®´ª½º¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÀÌ´õ³Ý
½ºÆÅ »óÀÇ ¸ðµç ÃÖ½ÅÀÇ Á¤º¸´Â ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ »çÀÌÆ®¿¡¼ º¼¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Linux Sparc
¾Ë¾ÆµÖ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀº ¸î¸î ½ºÆÅ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Çϵå¿þ¾î´Â È£½ºÆ® ÄÄÇ»ÅͷκÎÅÍ MAC ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °¡Á®¿À¹Ç·Î,
¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¸¦ ¸ðµÎ °°Àº µ¿ÀÏÇÑ MAC ÁÖ¼Ò·Î ÇØÁÙ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ
µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© »ó¿¡ Çϳª ÀÌ»óÀÇ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¸¦ ³õ¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ifconfig
¿¡
À¯ÀÏÇÑ MAC ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ÇÒ´çÇϱâ À§ÇØ hw
¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇ϶ó.
PCI µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀ» ½ºÆÅ Ç÷§Æû¿¡ Æ÷ÆÃÇϴµ¥ÀÇ ¹®Á¦´Â À§¿¡¼ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ AXP Ç÷§ÆûÀÇ °æ¿ì¿Í
°°´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¿©±â¿¡´Â ½ºÆÅÀÌ ºò ¿£µð¾ÈÀ», ±×¸®°í AXP¿Í ix86ÀÌ ¸®Æ² ¿£µð¾ÈÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡, ÀÌ
¿£µð¾È¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹®Á¦µµ ÀÖ´Ù.
´Ù¸¥ Çϵå¿þ¾î»óÀÇ ¸®´ª½º¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÀÌ´õ³Ý
¿©±â¿¡´Â ¸®´ª½º°¡ ½ÇÇàµÉ¼ö ÀÖ´Â, Atari/Amiga (m68k) °°Àº ¸î¸î ´Ù¸¥ Çϵå¿þ¾î Ç÷§ÆûÀÌ
ÀÖ´Ù. SparcÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â °¢ ¸®´ª½º Æ÷Æ®ÀÇ È¨ »çÀÌÆ®¿¡ °¡´Â°ÍÀÌ ±× Ç÷§Æû¿¡¼ ÇöÀç Áö¿øµÇ´Â
°ÍÀ» º¼¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡Àå ÁÁÀº ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. (±×·± »çÀÌÆ®µéÀ̶ó¸é ¸µÅ©¸¦ ȯ¿µÇÕ´Ï´Ù - ¿©±â·Î º¸³»ÁÖ
¼¼¿ä!)
Çãºê¾øÀÌ 10 ¶Ç´Â 100 BaseT ¿¬°áÇϱâ
Çãºê¾øÀÌ 10/100BaseT (RJ45) ±â¹Ý ½Ã½ºÅÛµéÀ» ÇÔ²² ¿¬°áÇÒ¼ö Àִ°¡?
¿©·¯ºÐÀº 2 ¸Ó½ÅÀº ½±°Ô ÀÌÀ»¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, ±× ÀÌ»óÀº º°µµÀÇ Àåºñµé/±âÁî¸ðµé(¿µÈ '±×·½¸°'¿¡
³ª¿À´Â µ¿¹°À̸§ÀÎ°Í °°³×¿ä:¿ªÀÚÁÖ)ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½À» º¸¶ó.
Twisted Pair
-- ÀÌ ±ÛÀº ¾î¶»°Ô ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¸î°³ÀÇ ¼±°ú ÀåºñµéÀ»
±³Â÷ÇØ°¡¸ç ÇÔ²² Çãºê¿¡ ¹°¸±¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù. Çãºê¿¡¼ º¹Á¦µÊ ¾øÀÌ Ãæµ¹ ½ÅÈ£¸¦ º¸Á¤Çϴ°ÍÀº
ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
SIOCSIFxxx: No such device
³ª´Â ºÎÆýÿ¡ `SIOCSIFxxx: No such device' ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.
`SIOCADDRT: Network is unreachable'À̶ó´Â ¸Þ¼¼Áö¿¡ ÀÌ¾î¼ ¸»ÀÌ´Ù.
¹¹°¡ À߸øµÈ°Ç°¡?
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÀåÄ¡°¡ ºÎÆ®/¸ðµâ »ðÀԽÿ¡ Ž»öµÇÁö ¾Ê°í, ifconfig
¿Í
route
¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϸé, ÀÛµ¿½Ãų ÀåÄ¡°¡ ¾ø´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. dmesg | more
¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ
ºÎÆ® ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ »ìÆ캸°í ÀÌ´õ³ÝÄ«µå Ž»ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾î¶² ¸Þ¼¼Áö°¡ ¾ø´ÂÁö º¸¶ó.
SIOCSFFLAGS: Try again
`ifconfig'¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏÀÚ `SIOCSFFLAGS: Try again' À̶ó´Â ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù -- Çê?
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á°í ÇÏ´Â IRQ¸¦ ¾î¶² ´Ù¸¥ ÀåÄ¡°¡ °¡Á®¼, ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå°¡ ±×
IRQ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸î¸î ÀåÄ¡µéÀº ±×µéÀÌ IRQ°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ¶§ Àâ¾Ò´Ù°¡ ´Ù½Ã ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ
³¡³ª¸é Ç®¾îÁֹǷÎ, ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ÇÒ´çÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¸®ºÎÆÃÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ¿¹¸¦µé¸é ¸î¸î »ç¿îµå Ä«µå,
½Ã¸®¾ó Æ÷Æ®, Ç÷ÎÇÇ µð½ºÅ© µå¶óÀ̹ö, µîµîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº cat /proc/interrupts
¶ó°í Ãļ ¾î´À ÀÎÅÍ·´Æ®°¡ ÇöÀç »ç¿ëÁßÀΰ¡¸¦ º¼¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¸®´ª½º ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå
µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀº `ifconfig'¸¦ ÅëÇØ »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á°í ¿·ÈÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡¸¸ IRQ¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ
ÇÊ¿äÇÑ IRQ ¶óÀÎÀ» ´Ù¸¥ ÀåÄ¡°¡ `³õ°í °¡°Ô'ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ifconfig·Î `´Ù½Ã ½ÃµµÇÒ'¼ö
ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
`ifconfig'¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ 00:00:00:00:00:00 °ªÀÇ HW-addr·Î UNSPEC ¿¬°á
¾Æ¹«·± Àμö¾øÀÌ ifconfig¸¦ Çϸé, LINK°¡ UNSPEC (10Mbs ÀÌ´õ³Ý ´ë½Å)ÀÌ°í ³» Çϵå¿þ¾î
ÁÖ¼Ò´Â ¸ðµÎ ¿µÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ°ÍÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ Ä¿³Î ¹öÀüº¸´Ù ³ôÀº »õ ¹öÀüÀÇ `ifconfig' ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ½ÇÇàÇϱâ
¶§¹®¿¡ ÀϾÙ. ÀÌ »õ¹öÀüÀÇ ifconfig´Â ±¸Çü Ä¿³Î°ú ÇÔ²² »ç¿ëµÉ ¶§ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¼Ó¼ºµéÀ»
º¸°íÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº Ä¿³Îµµ ¾÷±×·¹À̵å Çϰųª, ifconfig¸¦ `´Ù¿î±×·¹À̵å'Çϰųª,
¾Æ´Ï¸é °£´ÜÈ÷ ¹«½ÃÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Ä¿³ÎÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Çϵå¿þ¾î ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¾Ë°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ifconfig°¡
±×°ÍÀ» ÀÐÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù°í Çؼ Á¤¸»·Î ¹«½¼ ÀÏÀÌ ÀϾ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ifconfig
ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â Ä¿³Îº¸´Ù
¾ÆÁÖ ¸¹ÀÌ ±¸ÇüÀÏ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¾û¶×ÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾ò¾î³¾¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
¾öû³ ¾çÀÇ RX ¿Í TX ¿¡·¯µé
¾Æ¹«·± Àμöµé¾øÀÌ ifconfig¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϸé, º¸³»°í ¹ÞÀº ÆÐŶ ¸ðµÎ¿¡ ¾öû³ ¾çÀÇ ¿¡·¯¼ýÀÚ°¡
Àִ°ÍÀ» º»´Ù. ¸ðµÎ Á¦´ë·Î ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´Â °Í °°Àºµ¥ -- ¹«¾ùÀÌ À߸øµÈ °ÍÀΰ¡?
´Ù½Ã Àß º¸¶ó. ÀÌ°ÍÀº RX packets
big number PAUSE errors 0
PAUSE dropped 0
PAUSE overrun 0
ÀÌ´Ù.
TX
¿ÀÇ °æ¿ìµµ ¸¶Âù°¡Áö´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ º» Å« ¼ýÀÚµéÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸Ó½ÅÀÌ ÁÖ°í
¹ÞÀº ÆÐŶÀÇ ÃÑ ¼ýÀÚÀÌ´Ù. ¾ÆÁ÷µµ È¥¶õ½º·´´Ù¸é, ´ë½Å¿¡ cat /proc/net/dev
¶ó°í
Ã帶ó.
/dev/
³»ÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µåµéÀ» À§ÇÑ ³»¿ë¹°µé
³ª´Â /dev/eth0°¡ /dev/xxx¿¡ ¸µÅ©µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¿ÇÀº °ÍÀΰ¡?
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ µéÀº°Í°ú´Â ´Þ¸®, /dev/* ³»ÀÇ ÆÄÀϵéÀº »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀº /dev/wd0, /dev/ne0
¿Í °°Àº ¾î¶°ÇÑ ºñ½ÁÇÑ ³»¿ëµéµµ Áö¿ï¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¸®´ª½º¿Í ``trailers''
`ifconfig'`¸¦ ³» ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ¶§ Æ®·¹ÀÏ·¯¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ¾ø°Ô ÇÒ¼ö´Â ¾ø³ª?
¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê´õ¶óµµ, Æ®·¹ÀÏ·¯¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ¾ø°Ô ÇÒ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. `Æ®·¹ÀÏ·¯'´Â
³×Æ®¿öÅ· ·¹À̾¼ÀÇ µ¥ÀÌŸ º¹»ç¸¦ ÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¸¸µé¾îÁø °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î´Â `H'
Å©±âÀÇ ÀÛÀº °íÁ¤ Å©±â Çì´õ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î, ÆÐŶÀÇ ³¡¿¡ ´Ù¾çÇÑ Å©±âÀÇ Çì´õ
Á¤º¸¸¦ ³Ö°í, ÆäÀÌÁö°¡ ½ÃÀÛÇϱâ Àü¿¡ ¸ðµç ÆÐŶÀÇ `H' ¹ÙÀÌÆ®¸¦ ÇÒ´çÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÁÁÀº
»ý°¢ÀÌÁö¸¸, ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â Àß µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â°ÍÀ¸·Î µå·¯³µ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ´©±º°¡°¡ `-Æ®·¹ÀÏ·¯'ÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ»
Á¦¾ÈÇÑ´Ù¸é, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¼ö¿°¼ÒÀÇ ÇÇÀÇ Èñ»ý°ú °°Àº °ÍÀÓÀ» ¾Ë¾ÆµÎ¶ó. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇϴµ¥
¾Æ¹«·± µµ¿òµµ ÁÖÁö ¸øÇϳª, ¸¸ÀÏ ±× ½º½º·Î ¹®Á¦°¡ °íÃÄÁø´Ù¸é ±× ´©±º°¡´Â ±íÀº ¸¶¹ý°°Àº
Áö½ÄÀ» ¾Ë¸±¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Àú¼öÁØ ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÀåÄ¡¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇϱâ
¸®´ª½º¿¡¼ TCP/IP³ª ±×·¯ÇÑ °ÍµéÀ» ÅëÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í Àú¼öÁØ ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÀåÄ¡¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇÏ·Á¸é ¾î¶»°Ô
ÇØ¾ß Çϳª?
int s=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_PACKET,htons(ETH_P_ALL));
ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¸ðµç ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ Å¸ÀÔÀ» ¹Þ´Â ¼ÒÄÏÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.
recvfrom()
¸¦ È£ÃâÇϸé sa_family³»ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡ ŸÀÔ°ú sa_data ¹è¿³»ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡À̸§À¸·Î
sockaddr¸¦ ä¿ï °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³ª´Â ´©°¡ ¸®´ª½º¿ë SOCK_PACKETÀ» óÀ½ °³¹ßÇß´ÂÁö ¸ð¸£Áö¸¸
Á¤¸» ´ë´ÜÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº sendto()
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À̶§¹®¿¡ µé¾î¿À´Â µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ /dev/null
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8 ºñÆ® Ä«µåÁ¶Â÷µµ ¾Æ¹«·± ¹®Á¦¾øÀÌ ÆÐŶÀ» back-to-backÀ¸·Î º¸³¾¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¹®Á¦´Â Ä«µå°¡ ´õ
ÀÌ»ó ÆÐŶÀÌ µé¾î¿Ã¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÃæºÐÇÑ °ø°£À» ºü¸£°Ô ¸¸µé¼ö ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¹ÞÀº ÆÐŶµéÀ» ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ°¡
¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌÁö ¸øÇϴµ¥ ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ°¡ Ä«µåÀÇ ¸Þ¸ð¸®³»¿¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ¹ÞÀº ÆÐŶµéÀ» »¡¸® ºñ¿ìÁö
¾ÊÀ¸¸é, Ä«µå´Â »õ ÆÐŶÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÏ °ø°£ÀÌ ¾ø°Ô µÈ´Ù.
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°ÍÀ̵ç ÀçÀü¼ÛÀ» ¾ß±â/¿ä±¸ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ºÎµå·¯¿î Àü¼Û È帧À» ¹æÇØÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í, ½É°¢ÇÑ ¼º´É ÀúÇϸ¦
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´õ ¸¹Àº ¾çÀÇ back-to-back ÆÐŶ È帧À» Á¦¾îÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã¸»Çϸé, Ä«µå°¡ ÆÐŶµéÀ» ¹ö¸®Áö
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´ëºÎºÐÀÇ 8ºñÆ® Ä«µåµéÀº 8kBÀÇ ¹öÆÛ¸¦ °¡Áö¸ç, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ 16ºñÆ® Ä«µåµéÀº 16kBÀÇ ¹öÆÛ¸¦ °®´Â
´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¸®´ª½º µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀº ¹öÆÛ·Î 3kB¸¦ ³²°ÜµÎ¸ç(µÎ°³ÀÇ Àü¼Û ¹öÆÛ), 8ºñÆ® Ä«µå¸¦
À§Çؼ ´ÜÁö 5kB¸¦ ³²°Ü³õ´Â´Ù. ÀÌ °ø°£Àº ´ÜÁö Ç® »çÀÌÁîÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÆÐŶ ¼¼°³(1500 bytes)
Á¤µµÀÇ °ø°£ÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù.
À§¿¡¼ ¾ð±ÞÇß´Ù½ÃÇÇ, ÆÐŶµéÀÌ Ä«µå¿¡¼ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ºü¸£°Ô ¾ø¾îÁö¸é, ¼ö½Å ÆÐŶ ¹öÆÛ ¸Þ¸ð¸®°¡
À۾Ƶµ ÆÐŶÀ» ¹ö¸®°Å³ª ³ÑÃĹö¸®´Â ÀÏÀ» ÀϾÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Ä«µå¿¡¼ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ ¸Þ¸ð¸®·Î ÆÐŶÀ»
À̵¿ÇÏ´Â ºñÀ²Àº µÎ °³°¡ ¸¸³ª´Â ºÎºÐ - ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ISA ¹ö½º ¼ÓµµÀÌ´Ù - ÀÇ µ¥ÀÌŸ ¼Óµµ¿¡ ´Þ·Á
ÀÖ´Ù. (¸¸ÀÏ CPU°¡ 386sx-16À̶óµµ, ÀÌ°ÍÀº Àû¿ëµÈ´Ù)
±ÇÀåÇÏ´Â ISA ¹ö½º Ŭ·°Àº ¾à 8MHzÀÌÁö¸¸, ¸¹Àº ¸ÞÀκ¸µå¿Í ÁÖº¯±â±âµéÀº ´õ ³ôÀº ÁÖÆļö·Î
µ¿ÀÛÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ISA ¹ö½º Ŭ·° ÁÖÆļö´Â º¸Åë ¸ÞÀκ¸µå/CPU Ŭ·° ÁÖÆļö¸¦ ³ª´« °ÍÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â
°ÍÀ¸·Î, CMOS ¼³Á¤¿¡¼ Á¤ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸î¸î ISA ¿Í PCI/ISA ¸ÞÀκ¸µå´Â ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö
¾Ê¾Æ¼ ÃâÇϽà ±âº»°ªÀ¸·Î¸¸ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, 8ºñÆ® WD8003EP Ä«µå°¡ ²ÅÈù, 40MHz 486¿¡¼ TTCP ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À¸·Î ÃøÁ¤ÇÑ ¼·Î´Ù¸¥
ISA ¹ö½º ¼Óµµ°¡ ¾Æ·¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
ISA Bus Speed (MHz) Rx TTCP (kB/s)
------------------- --------------
6.7 740
13.4 970
20.0 1030
26.7 1075
¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¾î¶°ÇÑ 10Mb/s ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå·Îµµ, TCP/IP¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ 1075kB/sÀÌ»óÀÇ °á°ú¸¦
¾òÁö ¸øÇÒ°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ¸ðµç ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ ºü¸¥ ISA ¹ö½º ¼Óµµ°¡ ³ª¿Ã°Å¶ó°í´Â ±â´ëÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó.
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼´Â 13MHzÀÌ»óÀÇ ¼Óµµ¿¡¼ Á¦´ë·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (¶ÇÇÑ, ¸î¸î PCI ½Ã½ºÅÛ
¿¡¼´Â ISA ¹ö½º ¼Óµµ¸¦ 8MHz·Î °íÁ¤½ÃÄÑ ³õ¾Æ¼, »ç¿ëÀÚµéÀÌ ¼Óµµ¸¦ ¿Ã¸®Áö ¸øÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ°í
ÀÖ´Ù.)
¶ÇÇÑ ´õ¿í ºü¸¥ Àü¼Û ¼Óµµ¸¦ ¾òÀ¸·Á¸é, CPU Á¡À¯À²À» ³·Ãß¾î¼ ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿Í I/O »çÀÌŬ¿¡ Á»´õ
ªÀº Áö¼Ó½Ã°£À» °®°Ô ÇϸéµÈ´Ù. (ISA ¹ö½º»óÀÇ ÇÏµå µð½ºÅ©¿Í ºñµð¿À Ä«µåµµ ¶ÇÇÑ Çâ»óµÈ
ISA ¹ö½º ¼Óµµ ´öºÐ¿¡ ¼º´ÉÀÌ ¿Ã¶ó°¡´Â °ÍÀ» °æÇèÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.)
8MHz°¡ ³Ñ´Â ISA ¹ö½º ¼Óµµ¸¦ ½ÃÇèÇϱ⿡ ¾Õ¼¼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ ¹é¾÷ÇØ µÎ¾ú´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÏ°í,
¼Óµµ¸¦ ¿Ã¸° ÈÄ¿¡´Â ¸ðµç ISA ÁÖº¯±â±âµéÀÌ Á¦´ë·Î ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´ÂÁö ½ÃÇèÇغ¸±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
´Ù½ÃÇѹø ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é, ÀûÀº ¾çÀÇ RAMÀ» °¡Áø Ä«µå¿Í ´À¸° µ¥ÀÌŸ Àü¼Û·Î¸¦ °¡Áø Ä«µå¿Í ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ
¸Þ¸ð¸® »çÀÌ¿¡´Â ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù. TCP ¼ö½Å À©µµ¿ì ¼³Á¤ÀÇ ±âº»°ªÀº 32kBÀε¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ»óÀÇ µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ Àß ¹Þ¾ÆÁ³´ÂÁö ¾Æ´ÑÁö º¸±âÀ§ÇØ ¸ØÃß´Â°Í ¾øÀÌ 32kÀÇ µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦
´ýÇÁÇÒ¼ö Àִ°Ͱ°ÀÌ µ¿ÀÏ ¼ºê³ÝÀÇ ºü¸¥ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡¼µµ ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù.
ÃֽŠ¹öÀüÀÇ route
¸í·ÉÀ¸·Î ÀÌ À©µµ¿ìÀÇ Å©±â¸¦ ½Ç½Ã°£À¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
º¸Åë ¶ó¿ìÅͳª °ÔÀÌÆ®¿þÀÌµé µÚ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÄÄÇ»Å͵éÀº ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾øµµ·Ï `¹öÆÛ¸µÀ» Çϱâ' ¶§¹®¿¡,
·ÎÄà ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡¼ ÀÌ À©µµ¿ìÀÇ Å©±â´Â ÀÛ¾ÆÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. »ç¿ë¿¹´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
route add <whatever> ... window <win_size>
¿©±â¼ win_size
´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ±æ ¿øÇÏ´Â À©µµ¿ìÀÇ Å©±âÀÌ´Ù.(¹ÙÀÌÆ®·Î)
8MHz³ª ±× ÀÌÇÏÀÇ ¼Óµµ·Î ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´Â ISA ¹ö½º»óÀÇ 8ºñÆ® 3c503 Ä«µå´Â 4kBÀÇ À©µµ¿ì Å©±â¿¡µµ Àß
µ¹¾Æ°£´Ù. ³Ê¹« Å« À©µµ¿ì´Â ÆÐŶ ¼Õ½ÇÀ̳ª ³ÑħÀ» ¾ß±â½ÃÅ°°í, ÀÌ´õ³Ý Àü¼Û·®ÀÇ ±Þ°ÝÇÑ °¨¼Ò¸¦
°¡Á®¿Â´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ cat /proc/net/dev
¶ó°í Ãļ ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦ÀÇ »óŸ¦ È®ÀÎÇغ¼¼ö
ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸í·ÉÀº ¼Õ½ÇµÇ°Å³ª ³ÑÄ£ »óÅ°¡ ¹ß»ýÇß´ÂÁö º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.
¸î¸î »ç¶÷µéÀº NFS Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®¿¡¼ 8ºñÆ® Ä«µå¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é¼ 8kB (Sun °íÀ¯ÀÇ) NFS ÆÐŶ Å©±â¸¦
ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ¶§, ±â´ëÇß´ø ¼º´Éº¸´Ù ´õ ³ª»Û°ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù.
ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡ °¡´ÉÇÑ ¿øÀÎÀº 8ºñÆ®¿Í 16ºñÆ® Ä«µå¿¡ ÀåÂøµÈ ¹öÆÛ Å©±âÀÇ Â÷ÀÌÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÆÐŶÀÇ
ÃÖ´ë Å©±â´Â 1500 ¹ÙÀÌÆ® ÀÌ´Ù. 8kBÀÇ NFS ÆÐŶÀº ´ë·« ÃÖ´ëÅ©±âÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÆÐŶ 6°³¿Í °°´Ù.
8ºñÆ®¿Í 16ºñÆ® Ä«µå°¡ ÆÐŶÀ» ¼ö½ÅÇÒ ¶§´Â ¾Æ¹«·± ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ¹®Á¦´Â ¸Ó½ÅÀÌ Ä«µåÀÇ ¹öÆÛ¿¡
¼ ÆÐŶÀ» Á¦½Ã°£¿¡ Á¦°ÅÇÏÁö ¸øÇؼ, ¹öÆÛ°¡ ³ÑÄ¥¶§ ÀϾÙ. »ç½Ç Àü¼Û·®´ç Á¤·® ÀÌ»óÀÇ
ISA ¹ö½º »çÀÌŬÀ» °¡Áø 8ºñÆ® Ä«µåµéÀº ¾î´À°Í¿¡µµ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÇÒ¼ö
Àִ°ÍÀº 8ºñÆ® Ä«µå¸¦ °¡Áø °æ¿ì NFS Àü¼Û ÆÐŶ Å©±â¸¦ 2kB(¶Ç´Â 1kB)·Î ¼³Á¤Çϰųª, Ä«µå°¡
¹öÆÛ¸¦ ´õ¿í »¡¸® ºñ¿ì°Ô Çϱâ À§Çؼ ISA ¹ö½º ¼Óµµ¸¦ ¿Ã¸®´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³ª´Â 8MHz¿¡¼ ±¸Çü
WD8003E Ä«µå°¡ (´Ù¸¥ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ºÎÇÏ ¾øÀÌ) 2kB NFS Å©±â¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸, 4kB´Â ¼¼°¡Áö
»ç½Ç¶§¹®¿¡ ¼º´ÉÀÌ ³·¾ÆÁüÀ¸·Î À¯ÁöÇÒ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù.
´Ù¸¥ ¸»·Î Çϸé, ±âº» Å©±â ¿É¼ÇÀ» 1kB Å©±â·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ°í, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Àû¾îµµ 16ºñÆ® ISA Ä«µå¸¦
°¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº 4kB ( ¶Ç´Â 8kB±îÁö) Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÒ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¸ñ·Ï¿¡¼´Â ÆǸÅÀÚ À̸§°ú Á¦Ç°¸íÀ» ¾ËÆĺª ¼ø¼·Î ¼ö¸¹Àº Ä«µåµéÀ» ³ª¿ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
°¢ Á¦Ç° ID ¿·¿¡´Â `Áö¿ø', `ºÎºÐÁö¿ø', 'Áö¿ø¾ÈµÊ'À» º¼¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Áö¿øµÈ´Ù´Â Àǹ̴ ±× Ä«µåÀÇ µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ°í, ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¹®Á¦¾øÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í
ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¸Å¿ì ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀ̶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù.
ºÎºÐÁö¿øÀ̶ó´Â ¶æÀº µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö¸¸ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¼³¸í°¡¿îµ¥ Àû¾îµµ ÇÑ°¡Áö ÀÌ»ó
ÇØ´çµÈ´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù.
(1) µå¶óÀ̹ö ±×¸®°í/¶Ç´Â Çϵå¿þ¾î¿¡ ¹ö±×°¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ³·Àº ¼º´ÉÀ̳ª, Á¢¼Ó ½ÇÆÐ ¶Ç´Â
Å©·¡½¬µµ ¹ß»ýÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
(2) µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ »õ·Î¿î °ÍÀ̰ųª Ä«µå°¡ ÀϹÝÀûÀÌÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¼ µå¶óÀ̹ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç¿ë/Å×½ºÆ®°¡
¸Å¿ì Àû¾î µå¶óÀ̹ö Á¦ÀÛÀÚ°¡ Çǵå¹éÀ» º°·Î ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇß´Ù.
¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô (2)ÀÎ °æ¿ì°¡ (1)ÀÎ °æ¿ìº¸´Ù ³´°í, ±× Ä«µå/µå¶óÀ̹ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °³º°ÀûÀÎ ¼³¸í¿¡¼
¾î´À °Í¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. µÎ°¡Áö °æ¿ì ¸ðµÎ, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº make config
½Ã¿¡
``Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers?''ºÎºÐ¿¡¼ `Y'¶ó°í ´äÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
Áö¿ø¾ÈµÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ÇöÀç ±× Ä«µå¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ°ÍÀº ±¸Çϱâ Èûµé°Å³ª Æò¹üÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº Çϵå¿þ¾î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü½ÉÀÌ ºÎÁ·Çϰųª, ¾Æ´Ï¸é ÆǸÅÀÚµéÀÌ
µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ¸¸µå´Âµ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Çϵå¿þ¾î ¹®¼¸¦ ¹èÆ÷ÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
`Áö¿ø'°ú `ºÎºÐÁö¿ø'ÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ´Â ´Ù¼Ò ÁÖ°üÀûÀ̸ç, ´º½º ±×·ì °Ô½ÃÆÇ°ú ¸ÞÀϸµ ¸®½ºÆ® ¸Þ¼¼ÁöµéÀ»
ÅëÇÑ »ç¿ëÀÚ Çǵå¹éÀ» Á¶»çÇÑ°Í¿¡ ±â¹ÝÇÑ °ÍÀÓÀ» ¾Ë¾ÆµÎ¶ó. (ÇÑ»ç¶÷ÀÌ °¢ Ä¿³Î ¹öÀü¿¡¼ ¸ðµç
Ä«µåµéÀ» °¡Áö°í ¸ðµç µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ Å×½ºÆ®ÇѴٴ°ÍÀº Àý´ë·Î ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù!!!) ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Ä«µå
¸®½ºÆ®¿¡ ºÎºÐÁö¿øÀ̶ó°í µÇ¾îÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ ¿Ïº®ÇÏ°Ô µ¿ÀÛÇѴٰųª(Á¤¸» ÁÁ±º),
¶Ç´Â Áö¿øÀ̶ó°í ÀûÈù Ä«µå°¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» (±×¸® ÁÁÁö ¸øÇϱº) ¹ß°ßÇÒ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù´Â
°Í¿¡ ÁÖÀÇÇÏ±æ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
status ´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â, ¸®´ª½º Ä¿³Î³»¿¡ ÁÖ¾îÁø µå¶óÀ̹ö À̸§ÀÌ ³ª¿µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¶ÇÇÑ
/etc/conf.modules
¸ðµâ ¼³Á¤ ÈÀϳ»ÀÇ alias eth0 driver_name
ÇàÀ¸·Î
»ç¿ëµÇ´Â µå¶óÀ̹ö ¸ðµâÀÇ À̸§À̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â Ä«µå°¡ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö Àß ¸ð¸£Áö¸¸, ¾Æ¸¶ 3Com Ä«µåÀϲ¨¶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏ°í
ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¾î¼Àºí¸® ³Ñ¹ö·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ¾Ë¾Æ³¾¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 3Com¿¡´Â °¡Àå ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô ¾Ë¼ö
ÀÖ´Â `¾î¼Àºí¸® ³Ñ¹ö·Î 3Com ¾Æ´äÅÍ ¾Ë¾Æ³»±â(Identifying 3Com Adapters By Assembly Number)'
(ref 24500002)¶ó´Â ¹®¼°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. 3Com ¹®¼¸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô ¾ò´ÂÁö´Â ´ÙÀ½À» º¸¶ó.
Technical Information from 3Com
¶ÇÇÑ 3ComÀº ´Ù¾çÇÑ Á¦Ç°µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ FTP »çÀÌÆ®¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.
ftp.3Com.com
¿¡¼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ãÀ»¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
À̹®¼¸¦ WWW ºê¶ó¿ìÀú·Î º¸°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº, 3ComÀÇ WWW »çÀÌÆ®µµ º¼¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
3c501
Status: ºÎºÐÁö¿ø, µå¶óÀ̹ö À̸§: 3c501
ÀÌ ±¸¼®±â ½Ã´ëÀÇ 8ºñÆ® Ä«µå´Â »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é ³Ê¹« ¸Ó¸®°¡ ¾ÆÇÃÁ¤µµ´Ù. Àü¿°º´À» ÇÇÇϴ°Íó·³
ÇÇÇ϶ó. ³ó´ãÀ¸·Î¶óµµ ÀÌ Ä«µå¸¦ ±¸ÀÔÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó. ÀÌ°ÍÀÇ ¼º´ÉÀº ²ûÂïÇÏ°í, ¸¹Àº °æ¿ì¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡
¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù.
For those not yet convinced, the 3c501 can only do one
thing at a time -- while you are removing one packet
from the single-packet buffer it cannot receive
another packet, nor can it receive a packet while
loading a transmit packet. This was fine for a
network between two 8088-based computers where
processing each packet and replying took 10's of
msecs, but modern networks send back-to-back
packets for almost every transaction.
AutoIRQ works, DMA isn't used, the autoprobe only
looks at 0x280
and 0x300
, and the debug level is set
with the third boot-time argument.
Once again, the use of a 3c501 is strongly discouraged!
Even more so with a IP multicast kernel, as you will
grind to a halt while listening to all multicast
packets. See the comments at the top of the source code
for more details.
EtherLink II, 3c503, 3c503/16
Status: Supported, Driver Name: 3c503 (+8390)
The 3c503 does not have ``EEPROM setup'',
so a diagnostic/setup program
isn't needed before running the card with Linux. The
shared memory address of the 3c503 is set using jumpers
that are shared with the boot PROM address. This is
confusing to people familiar with other ISA cards,
where you always leave the jumper set to ``disable''
unless you have a boot PROM.
These cards should be about the same speed as the same bus
width WD80x3, but turn out to be actually a bit slower.
These shared-memory ethercards also have a
programmed I/O mode that doesn't use the 8390
facilities (their engineers found too many bugs!)
The Linux 3c503 driver can also work with the 3c503
in programmed-I/O mode, but this is slower and less
reliable than shared memory mode. Also, programmed-I/O
mode is not as well tested when updating the drivers.
You shouldn't use the programmed-I/O mode
unless you need it for MS-DOS compatibility.
The 3c503's IRQ line is set in software, with no hints
from an EEPROM. Unlike the MS-DOS drivers, the
Linux driver has capability to autoIRQ: it uses the
first available IRQ line in {5,2/9,3,4}, selected each
time the card is ifconfig'ed. (Older driver versions
selected the IRQ at boot time.) The ioctl() call
in `ifconfig' will return EAGAIN if no IRQ line is
available at that time.
Some common problems that people have with the 503
are discussed in
Problems with....
If you intend on using this driver as a loadable module
you should probably see
Using the Ethernet Drivers as Modules
for module specific information.
Note that some old diskless 386 workstations have an on board
3c503 (made by 3Com and sold under different names, like `Bull')
but the vendor ID is not a 3Com ID and so it won't be detected.
More details can be found in the Etherboot package, which you
will need anyways to boot these diskless boxes.
Etherlink Plus 3c505
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: 3c505
This is a driver that was written by Craig Southeren
geoffw@extro.ucc.su.oz.au
. These cards also
use the i82586 chip.
There are not that many of these cards about.
It is included in the standard kernel, but it is classed as
an alpha driver. See
Alpha Drivers
for important information on using alpha-test ethernet drivers
with Linux.
There is also the file
/usr/src/linux/drivers/net/README.3c505
that you should read if you are going to use one of these cards.
It contains various options that you can enable/disable.
Etherlink-16 3c507
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: 3c507
This card uses one of the Intel chips, and the
development of the driver is closely related to
the development of the Intel Ether Express driver.
The driver is included in the standard kernel
release, but as an alpha driver.
See
Alpha Drivers for important
information on using alpha-test ethernet drivers
with Linux.
Etherlink III, 3c509 / 3c509B
Status: Supported, Driver Name: 3c509
This card is fairly inexpensive and has
good performance for an ISA non-bus-master design.
The drawbacks are that the original 3c509
requires very low interrupt latency. The 3c509B
shouldn't suffer from the same problem, due to
having a larger buffer. (See below.) These cards
use PIO transfers, similar to a ne2000 card, and so
a shared memory card such as a wd8013 will be more
efficient in comparison.
The original 3c509 has a small packet buffer
(4kB total, 2kB Rx, 2kB Tx), causing the driver to
occasionally drop a packet if interrupts are masked for
too long. To minimize this problem, you can try unmasking
interrupts during IDE disk transfers (see man hdparm
) and/or
increasing your ISA bus speed so IDE transfers finish sooner.
The newer model 3c509B has 8kB on board, and the buffer
can be split 4/4, 5/3 or 6/2 for Rx/Tx. This setting
is changed with the DOS configuration utility, and is stored
on the EEPROM. This should alleviate the
above problem with the original 3c509.
3c509B users should use either the supplied DOS
utility to disable the plug and play support, and
to set the output media to what they require. The linux
driver currently does not support the Autodetect
media setting, so you have to select 10Base-T or
10Base-2 or AUI.
Note that to turn off PnP entirely, you should do a
3C5X9CFG /PNP:DISABLE
and then follow that with a hard
reset to ensure that it takes effect.
Some people ask about the ``Server or Workstation'' and ``Highest
Modem Speed'' settings presented in the DOS configuration utility.
Donald writes ``These are only hints to the drivers, and the Linux
driver does not use these parameters: it always optimizes for high
throughput rather than low latency (`Server'). Low latency was
critically important for old, non-windowed, IPX throughput.
To reduce the latency the MS-DOS driver for the 3c509 disables
interrupts for some operations, blocking serial port interrupts.
Thus the need for the `modem speed' setting. The Linux driver avoids
the need to disable interrupts for long periods by operating only
on whole packets e.g. by not starting to transmit a packet
until it is completely transferred to the card.''
Note that the ISA card detection uses a different method
than most cards. Basically, you ask the cards to respond
by sending data to an ID_PORT (port 0x100
to 0x1ff
on intervals of 0x10
).
This detection method means that
a particular card will always get detected first
in a multiple ISA 3c509 configuration.
The card with the lowest hardware ethernet address
will always end up being eth0
. This shouldn't matter
to anyone, except for those people who want to assign
a 6 byte hardware address to a particular interface.
If you have multiple 3c509 cards, it is best to append
ether=0,0,ethN
commands without the I/O port specified
(i.e. use I/O=zero) and allow the probe to sort out which
card is first. Using a non-zero I/O value will ensure that it
does not detect all your cards, so don't do it.
If this really bothers you, have a look at Donald's latest driver,
as you may be able to use a 0x3c509
value in the unused mem
address fields to order the detection to suit your needs.
3c515
Status: Supported, Driver Name: 3c515
This is 3Com's ISA 100Mbps offering,
codenamed ``CorkScrew''. A relatively new driver from
Donald for these cards is included in the v2.2 kernels.
For the most up to date information, you
should probably look on the Vortex page:
Vortex
3c523
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: 3c523
This MCA bus card uses the i82586, and Chris Beauregard
has modified the ni52 driver to work with these cards. The
driver for it can be found in the v2.2 kernel source tree.
More details can be found on the
MCA-Linux page at http://glycerine.cetmm.uni.edu/mca/
3c527
Status: Not Supported.
Yes, another MCA card. No, not too much interest in it.
Better chances with the 3c529 if you are stuck with MCA.
3c529
Status: Supported, Driver Name: 3c509
This card actually uses the same chipset as the 3c509.
Donald actually put hooks into the 3c509 driver to check
for MCA cards after probing for EISA cards, and before
probing for ISA cards, long before MCA support was
added to the kernel. The required MCA probe code is
included in the driver shipped with v2.2 kernels.
More details can be found on the MCA-Linux page at:
http://glycerine.cetmm.uni.edu/mca/
3c562
Status: Supported, Driver Name: 3c589 (distributed separately)
This PCMCIA card is the combination of a 3c589B ethernet card
with a modem. The modem appears as a standard modem to the
end user. The only difficulty is getting the two separate
linux drivers to share one interrupt. There are a couple of new
registers and some hardware interrupt sharing support.
You need to use a v2.0 or newer kernel that has the support
for interrupt sharing.
Thanks again to Cameron for getting a sample unit and
documentation sent off to David Hinds. Look for support in David's
PCMCIA package release.
See
PCMCIA Support for more
info on PCMCIA chipsets, socket enablers, etc.
3c575
Status: Unknown.
A driver for this PCMCIA card is under development and hopefully
will be included in David's PCMCIA package in the future.
Best to check the PCMCIA package to get the current status.
3c579
Status: Supported, Driver Name: 3c509
The EISA version of the 509. The current EISA version
uses the same 16 bit wide chip rather than a 32 bit
interface, so the performance increase isn't stunning.
Make sure the card is configured for EISA addressing mode.
Read the above 3c509 section for info on the driver.
3c589 / 3c589B
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: 3c589
Many people have been using this PCMCIA card for quite some time
now. Note that support for it is not (at present) included
in the default kernel source tree.
The "B" in the name means the same here as it does for
the 3c509 case.
There are drivers available on Donald's ftp site and in
David Hinds PCMCIA package. You will also need
a supported PCMCIA controller chipset.
See
PCMCIA Support for more
info on PCMCIA drivers, chipsets, socket enablers, etc.
3c590 / 3c595
Status: Supported, Driver Name: 3c59x
These ``Vortex'' cards are for PCI bus machines, with the '590
being 10Mbps and the '595 being 3Com's 100Mbs offering.
Also note that you can run the '595 as a '590 (i.e. in a 10Mbps mode).
The driver is included in the v2.0 kernel source, but is
also continually being updated. If you have problems with the
driver in the v2.0 kernel, you
can get an updated driver from the following URL:
Vortex
Note that there are two different 3c590 cards out there, early
models that had 32kB of on-board memory, and later models that
only have 8kB of memory. Chances are you won't be
able to buy a new 3c59x for much longer, as it is being replaced
with the 3c90x card. If you are buying a used one off somebody,
try and get the 32kB version. The 3c595 cards have 64kB,
as you can't get away with only 8kB RAM at 100Mbps!
A thanks to Cameron Spitzer and Terry Murphy of 3Com for
sending cards and documentation to Donald so he could write
the driver.
Donald has set up a mailing list for Vortex driver support.
To join the list, just do:
echo subscribe | /bin/mail
linux-vortex-request@cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov
3c592 / 3c597
Status: Supported, Driver Name: 3c59x
These are the EISA versions of the 3c59x
series of cards. The 3c592/3c597 (aka Demon) should work with
the vortex driver discussed above.
3c900 / 3c905 / 3c905B
Status: Supported, Driver Name: 3c59x
These cards (aka `Boomerang', aka EtherLink III XL) have been
released to take over the place of the 3c590/3c595 cards.
The support for the Cyclone `B' revision was only recently added.
To use this card with older v2.0 kernels, you must obtain the
updated 3c59x.c
driver from Donald's site at:
Vortex-Page
If in doubt about anything then check out the above WWW page.
Donald has set up a mailing list for Vortex driver support
announcements and etc. To join the list, just do:
echo subscribe | /bin/mail
linux-vortex-request@cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov
3c985
Status: Supported, Driver Name: acenic
This driver, by Jes Sorensen, is available in v2.2 kernels
It supports several other Gigabit cards in addition to
the 3Com model.
Accton MPX
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ne (+8390)
Don't let the name fool you. This is still supposed to be a
NE2000 compatible card, and should work with the ne2000 driver.
Accton EN1203, EN1207, EtherDuo-PCI
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de4x5, tulip
This is another implementation of the DEC 21040 PCI chip.
The EN1207 card has the 21140, and also has a 10Base-2
connector, which has proved troublesome for some people
in terms of selecting that media. Using the card with
10Base-T and 100Base-T media have worked for others though.
So as with all purchases, you should try and make sure
you can return it if it doesn't work for you.
See
DEC 21040
for more information on these cards, and the present driver
situation.
Accton EN2209 Parallel Port Adaptor (EtherPocket)
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ?
A driver for these parallel port adapters is available
but not yet part of the 2.0 or 2.1 kernel source. You have to
get the driver from:
http://www.unix-ag.uni-siegen.de/~nils/accton_linux.html
Accton EN2212 PCMCIA Card
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ?
David Hinds has been working on a driver for this card, and
you are best to check the latest release of his PCMCIA
package to see what the present status is.
AT1500
Status: Supported, Driver Name: lance
These are a series of low-cost ethercards using the 79C960 version
of the AMD LANCE. These are bus-master cards, and hence one of
the faster ISA bus ethercards available.
DMA selection and chip numbering information can be found in
AMD LANCE.
More technical information on AMD LANCE based Ethernet cards
can be found in
Notes on AMD....
AT1700
Status: Supported, Driver Name: at1700
Note that to access this driver during make config
you still have to answer `Y' when asked ``Prompt for
development and/or incomplete code/drivers?'' at
the first. This is simply due to lack of feedback on the
driver stability due to it being a relatively rare card.
If you have problems with the driver that ships with
the kernel then you may be interested in the alternative
driver available at:
http://www.cc.hit-u.ac.jp/nagoya/at1700/
The Allied Telesis AT1700 series ethercards are based
on the Fujitsu MB86965. This chip uses a programmed
I/O interface, and a pair of fixed-size transmit
buffers. This allows small groups of packets to
be sent back-to-back, with a short pause while
switching buffers.
A unique feature is the ability to drive 150ohm STP
(Shielded Twisted Pair) cable commonly installed for
Token Ring, in addition to 10baseT 100ohm UTP
(unshielded twisted pair). A fibre optic
version of the card (AT1700FT) exists as well.
The Fujitsu chip used on the AT1700 has a design flaw:
it can only be fully reset by doing a power cycle of the machine.
Pressing the reset button doesn't reset the bus interface. This
wouldn't be so bad, except that it can only be reliably detected
when it has been freshly reset. The solution/work-around is to
power-cycle the machine if the kernel has a problem detecting
the AT1700.
AT2450
Status: Supported, Driver Name: pcnet32
This is the PCI version of the AT1500, and it doesn't suffer
from the problems that the Boca 79c970 PCI card does.
DMA selection and chip numbering information can be found in
AMD LANCE.
More technical information on AMD LANCE based Ethernet cards
can be found in
Notes on AMD....
AT2500
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: rtl8139
This card uses the RealTek 8139 chip - see the
section
RealTek 8139.
AT2540FX
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: eepro100
This card uses the i82557 chip, and hence may/should work
with the eepro100 driver. If you try this please send in
a report so this information can be updated.
Carl Ching of AMD was kind enough to provide a very
detailed description of all the relevant AMD ethernet
products which helped clear up this section.
AMD LANCE (7990, 79C960/961/961A, PCnet-ISA)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: lance
There really is no AMD ethernet card. You are probably reading this
because the only markings you could find on your card said AMD
and the above number. The 7990 is the original `LANCE' chip,
but most stuff (including this document) refer to all these
similar chips as `LANCE' chips. (...incorrectly, I might add.)
These above numbers refer to chips from AMD
that are the heart of many ethernet cards.
For example, the Allied Telesis AT1500 (see
AT1500) and the NE1500/2100 (see
NE1500) use these chips.
The 7990/79c90 have long been replaced by newer versions.
The 79C960 (a.k.a. PCnet-ISA) essentially contains the 79c90
core, along with all the other hardware support required, which
allows a single-chip ethernet solution. The 79c961 (PCnet-ISA+)
is a jumperless Plug and Play version of the '960. The final
chip in the ISA series is the 79c961A (PCnet-ISA II), which
adds full duplex capabilities.
All cards with one of these chips should work with
the lance.c driver, with the exception of very old cards that
used the original 7990 in a shared memory configuration. These
old cards can be spotted by the lack of jumpers for a DMA channel.
One common problem people have is the `busmaster arbitration
failure' message. This is printed out when the LANCE driver
can't get access to the bus after a reasonable amount of time
has elapsed (50us). This usually indicates that the motherboard
implementation of bus-mastering DMA is broken, or some other device
is hogging the bus, or there is a DMA channel conflict. If your BIOS
setup has the `GAT option' (for Guaranteed Access Time) then try
toggling/altering that setting to see if it helps.
Also note that the driver only looks at the addresses:
0x300, 0x320, 0x340, 0x360
for a valid card, and any
address supplied by an ether=
boot argument is silently
ignored (this will be fixed) so make sure your card is configured
for one of the above I/O addresses for now.
The driver will still work fine, even
if more than 16MB of memory is installed, since low-memory
`bounce-buffers' are used when needed (i.e. any data from
above 16MB is copied into a buffer below 16MB before being
given to the card to transmit.)
The DMA channel can be set with the low bits
of the otherwise-unused dev->mem_start value (a.k.a. PARAM_1).
(see
PARAM_1)
If unset it is probed for by enabling each free DMA channel
in turn and checking if initialization succeeds.
The HP-J2405A board is an exception: with this board it's easy
to read the EEPROM-set values for the IRQ, and DMA.
See
Notes on AMD...
for more info on these chips.
AMD 79C965 (PCnet-32)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: pcnet32
This is the PCnet-32 -- a 32 bit bus-master version of the
original LANCE chip for VL-bus and local bus systems.
chip. While these chips can be operated with the standard
lance.c
driver, a 32 bit version (pcnet32.c
) is
also available that does not have to concern itself with
any 16MB limitations associated with the ISA bus.
AMD 79C970/970A (PCnet-PCI)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: pcnet32
This is the PCnet-PCI -- similar to the PCnet-32, but designed
for PCI bus based systems. Please see the
above PCnet-32 information.
This means that you need to build a kernel with
PCI BIOS support enabled. The '970A adds full duplex support
along with some other features to the original '970 design.
Note that the Boca implementation of the 79C970 fails on
fast Pentium machines. This is a hardware problem, as it
affects DOS users as well. See the Boca section for more
details.
AMD 79C971 (PCnet-FAST)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: pcnet32
This is AMD's 100Mbit chip for PCI systems, which also supports
full duplex operation. It was introduced in June 1996.
AMD 79C972 (PCnet-FAST+)
Status: Unknown, Driver Name: pcnet32
This should also work just like the '971 but this has yet to
be confirmed.
AMD 79C974 (PCnet-SCSI)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: pcnet32
This is the PCnet-SCSI -- which is basically treated like
a '970 from an Ethernet point of view.
Also see the above information. Don't ask if the
SCSI half of the chip is supported -- this is the
Ethernet-HowTo, not the SCSI-HowTo.
AC3200 EISA
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ac3200
Note that to access this driver during make config
you still have to answer `Y' when asked ``Prompt for
development and/or incomplete code/drivers?'' at
the first. This is simply due to lack of feedback on the
driver stability due to it being a relatively rare card.
This driver is included in the present kernel as an
alpha test driver. It is based on the common NS8390
chip used in the ne2000 and wd80x3 cards.
Please see
Alpha Drivers in
this document for important information regarding
alpha drivers.
If you use it, let one of us know how things work out,
as feedback has been low, even though the driver has
been in the kernel since v1.1.25.
If you intend on using this driver as a loadable module
you should probably see
Using the Ethernet Drivers as Modules
for module specific information.
Apricot Xen-II On Board Ethernet
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: apricot
This on board ethernet uses an i82596 bus-master chip.
It can only be at I/O address 0x300
.
By looking at the driver source,
it appears that the IRQ is also hardwired to 10.
Earlier versions of the driver had a tendency to think
that anything living at 0x300
was an apricot NIC.
Since then the hardware address is checked to avoid these
false detections.
Status: Supported, Driver Name: arcnet (arc-rimi, com90xx, com20020)
With the very low cost and better performance of ethernet,
chances are that most places will be giving away their Arcnet
hardware for free, resulting in a lot of home systems with Arcnet.
An advantage of Arcnet is that all of the cards have identical
interfaces, so one driver will work for everyone. It also has
built in error handling so that it supposedly never loses a packet.
(Great for UDP traffic!)
Avery Pennarun's arcnet driver has been in the
default kernel sources since 1.1.80. The arcnet driver
uses `arc0' as its name instead of the usual `eth0' for
ethernet devices.
Bug reports and success stories can be mailed to:
apenwarr@foxnet.net
There are information files contained in the standard kernel for
setting jumpers and general hints.
Supposedly the driver also works with the 100Mbs ARCnet cards
as well!
Note that AT&T's StarLAN is an orphaned technology, like
SynOptics LattisNet, and can't be used in a standard 10Base-T
environment, without a hub that `speaks' both.
AT&T T7231 (LanPACER+)
Status: Not Supported.
These StarLAN cards use an interface similar to the i82586
chip. At one point, Matthijs Melchior
(matthijs.n.melchior@att.com
) was playing with the 3c507
driver, and almost had something useable working. Haven't
heard much since that.
Yes, they make more than just multi-port serial cards. :-)
Boca BEN (ISA, VLB, PCI)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: lance, pcnet32
These cards are based on AMD's PCnet chips.
Perspective buyers should be warned that many users have had
endless problems with these VLB/PCI cards. Owners of fast Pentium
systems have been especially hit. Note that this is not a driver
problem, as it hits DOS/Win/NT users as well.
Boca's technical support number is (407) 241-8088, and you
can also reach them at 75300.2672@compuserve.com
.
The older ISA cards don't appear to suffer the same problems.
Donald did a comparitive test with a Boca PCI card and
a similar Allied Telsyn PCnet/PCI implementation, which showed
that the problem lies in Boca's implementation of the PCnet/PCI
chip. These test results can be accessed on Don's www server.
Linux at CESDIS
Boca is offering a `warranty repair' for
affected owners, which involves adding one of the missing
capacitors, but it appears that this fix doesn't work 100
percent for most people, although it helps some.
If you are still thinking of buying one of these cards, then
at least try and get a 7 day unconditional return policy,
so that if it doesn't work properly in your system, you
can return it.
More general information on the AMD chips can be found in
AMD LANCE.
More technical information on AMD LANCE based Ethernet cards
can be found in
Notes on AMD....
Donald writes:
`Yes, another one of these companies that won't release its
programming information. They waited for months before actually
confirming that all their information was proprietary, deliberately
wasting my time. Avoid their cards like the plague if you can.
Also note that some people have phoned Cabletron, and have been
told things like `a D. Becker is working on a driver
for linux' -- making it sound like I work for them. This is
NOT the case.'
Apparently Cabletron has changed their policy with respect to
programming information (like Xircom) since Donald made the above
comment several years ago -- send e-mail to support@ctron.com
if you want to verify this or ask for programming information.
However, at this point in time, there is little demand for
modified/updated drivers for the older E20xx and E21xx cards.
E10**, E10**-x, E20**, E20**-x
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ne (+8390)
These are NEx000 almost-clones that are reported to
work with the standard NEx000 drivers, thanks to a
ctron-specific check during the probe. If there are
any problems, they are unlikely to be fixed, as the
programming information is unavailable.
E2100
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: e2100 (+8390)
Again, there is not much one can do when the
programming information is proprietary.
The E2100 is a poor design. Whenever it maps its
shared memory in during a packet transfer, it
maps it into the whole 128K region! That means you
can't safely use another interrupt-driven shared
memory device in that region, including another E2100.
It will work most of the time, but every once in
a while it will bite you. (Yes, this problem can
be avoided by turning off interrupts while
transferring packets, but that will almost certainly
lose clock ticks.) Also, if you mis-program the board,
or halt the machine at just the wrong moment, even
the reset button won't bring it back. You will have
to turn it off and leave it off for about 30 seconds.
Media selection is automatic, but you can override this
with the low bits of the dev->mem_end parameter.
See
PARAM_2. Module users
can specify an xcvr=N
value as an option
in
the /etc/conf.modules
file.
Also, don't confuse the E2100 for a NE2100 clone.
The E2100 is a shared memory NatSemi DP8390 design,
roughly similar to a brain-damaged WD8013, whereas
the NE2100 (and NE1500) use a bus-mastering AMD
LANCE design.
There is an E2100 driver included in the standard kernel.
However, seeing as programming info isn't available,
don't expect bug-fixes. Don't use one
unless you are already stuck with the card.
If you intend on using this driver as a loadable module
you should probably see
Using the Ethernet Drivers as Modules
for module specific information.
E22**
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: lance
According to information in a Cabletron Tech Bulletin, these
cards use the standard AMD PC-Net chipset (see
AMD PC-Net) and should work with the generic lance
driver.
Here is where and how to reach them:
Cogent Data Technologies, Inc.
175 West Street, P.O. Box 926
Friday Harbour, WA 98250, USA.
Cogent Sales
15375 S.E. 30th Place, Suite 310
Bellevue, WA 98007, USA.
Technical Support:
Phone (360) 378-2929 between 8am and 5pm PST
Fax (360) 378-2882
Compuserve GO COGENT
Bulletin Board Service (360) 378-5405
Internet: support@cogentdata.com
EM100-ISA/EISA
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: smc9194
These cards use the SMC 91c100 chip and may work with the
SMC 91c92 driver, but this has yet to be verified.
Cogent eMASTER+, EM100-PCI, EM400, EM960, EM964
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de4x5, tulip
These are yet another DEC 21040 implementation that should
hopefully work fine with the standard 21040 driver.
The EM400 and the EM964 are four port cards using a
DEC 21050 bridge and 4 21040 chips.
See
DEC 21040
for more information on these cards, and the present driver
situation.
Compaq aren't really in the business of making ethernet
cards, but a lot of their systems have embedded ethernet
controllers on the motherboard.
Compaq Deskpro / Compaq XL (Embedded AMD Chip)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: pcnet32
Machines such as the XL series have an AMD 79c97x PCI chip
on the mainboard that can be used with the standard LANCE
driver. But before you can use it, you have to do some
trickery to get the PCI BIOS to a place where Linux can
see it. Frank Maas was kind enough to provide the
details:
`` The problem with this Compaq machine however is that the PCI
directory is loaded in high memory, at a spot where the Linux
kernel can't (won't) reach. Result: the card is never detected nor
is it usable (sideline: the mouse won't work either)
The workaround (as described thoroughly in
http://www-c724.uibk.ac.at/XL/)
is to load MS-DOS, launch a little driver Compaq wrote and then
load the Linux kernel using LOADLIN. Ok, I'll give you time to
say `yuck, yuck', but for now this is the only working solution
I know of. The little driver simply moves the PCI directory to
a place where it is normally stored (and where Linux can find it).''
More general information on the AMD chips can be found in
AMD LANCE.
Compaq Nettelligent/NetFlex (Embedded ThunderLAN Chip)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: tlan
These systems use a Texas Instruments ThunderLAN chip
Information on the ThunderLAN driver can be found in
ThunderLAN.
Danpex EN9400
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de4x5, tulip
Yet another card based on the DEC 21040 chip, reported to
work fine, and at a relatively cheap price.
See
DEC 21040
for more information on these cards, and the present driver
situation.
DE-100, DE-200, DE-220-T, DE-250
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ne (+8390)
Some of the early D-Link cards didn't have the 0x57
PROM signature, but the ne2000 driver knows about them.
For the software configurable cards, you can get the
config program from www.dlink.com
.
The DE2** cards were the most
widely reported as having the spurious transfer address
mismatch errors with early versions of linux.
Note that there are also cards from
Digital (DEC) that are also named DE100 and DE200,
but the similarity stops there.
DE-520
Status: Supported, Driver Name: pcnet32
This is a PCI card using the PCI version of AMD's LANCE chip.
DMA selection and chip numbering information can be found in
AMD LANCE.
More technical information on AMD LANCE based Ethernet cards
can be found in
Notes on AMD....
DE-528
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ne, ne2k-pci (+8390)
Apparently D-Link have also started making PCI NE2000 clones.
DE-530
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de4x5, tulip
This is a generic DEC 21040 PCI chip implementation,
and is reported to work with the generic 21040 tulip driver.
See
DEC 21040
for more information on these cards, and the present driver
situation.
DE-600
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de600
Laptop users and other folk who might want a quick
way to put their computer onto the ethernet may want
to use this. The driver is included with the default
kernel source tree.
Bjorn Ekwall bj0rn@blox.se
wrote the driver.
Expect about 180kb/s transfer speed from this via the
parallel port. You should read the README.DLINK
file in the kernel source tree.
Note that the device name that you pass to ifconfig
is now eth0
and not the previously
used dl0
.
If your parallel port is not at the standard 0x378
then you will have to recompile. Bjorn writes:
``Since the DE-620 driver tries to sqeeze the last microsecond
from the loops, I made the irq and port address constants instead
of variables. This makes for a usable speed, but it also means
that you can't change these assignements from e.g. lilo;
you _have_ to recompile...'' Also note that some laptops
implement the on-board parallel port at 0x3bc
which
is where the parallel ports on monochrome cards were/are.
DE-620
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de620
Same as the DE-600, only with two output formats.
Bjorn has written a driver for this model,
for kernel versions 1.1 and above. See the above information
on the DE-600.
DE-650
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: de650 (?)
Some people have been using this PCMCIA card for
some time now with their notebooks. It is a basic
8390 design, much like a NE2000. The LinkSys PCMCIA
card and the IC-Card Ethernet are supposedly DE-650 clones
as well. Note that at present, this driver is
not part of the standard kernel, and so you will
have to do some patching.
See
PCMCIA Support in this document,
and if you can, have a look at:
Don's PCMCIA Stuff
DFINET-300 and DFINET-400
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ne (+8390)
These cards are now detected (as of 0.99pl15) thanks to
Eberhard Moenkeberg emoenke@gwdg.de
who noted that
they use `DFI' in the first 3 bytes of the prom, instead
of using 0x57
in bytes 14 and 15, which is what all the
NE1000 and NE2000 cards use. (The 300 is an 8 bit
pseudo NE1000 clone, and the 400 is a pseudo NE2000 clone.)
DEPCA, DE100/1, DE200/1/2, DE210, DE422
Status: Supported, Driver Name: depca
There is documentation included in the source file
`depca.c', which includes info on how to use more than
one of these cards in a machine. Note that the DE422 is
an EISA card. These cards are all based on the AMD LANCE chip.
See
AMD LANCE for more info.
A maximum of two of the ISA cards can be used, because they
can only be set for 0x300
and 0x200
base I/O address.
If you are intending to do this, please read the notes in
the driver source file depca.c
in the standard kernel
source tree.
This driver will also work on Alpha CPU based machines, and
there are various ioctl()s that the user can play with.
Digital EtherWorks 3 (DE203, DE204, DE205)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ewrk3
These cards use a proprietary
chip from DEC, as opposed to the LANCE chip used in the
earlier cards like the DE200. These cards support both shared
memory or programmed I/O, although you take about a 50%performance hit if you use PIO mode. The shared memory size can
be set to 2kB, 32kB or 64kB, but only 2 and 32 have been tested
with this driver. David says that the performance is virtually
identical between the 2kB and 32kB mode. There is more information
(including using the driver as a loadable module) at the top
of the driver file ewrk3.c
and also in README.ewrk3
.
Both of these files come with the standard kernel distribution.
This driver has Alpha CPU support like depca.c does.
The standard driver has a number
of interesting ioctl() calls that can be used to get or clear
packet statistics, read/write the EEPROM, change the
hardware address, and the like. Hackers can see the source
code for more info on that one.
David has also written a configuration utility for this
card (along the lines of the DOS program NICSETUP.EXE
)
along with other tools. These can be found on
most Linux FTP sites in the directory
/pub/Linux/system/Network/management
-- look for the
file ewrk3tools-X.XX.tar.gz
.
DE425 EISA, DE434, DE435, DE500
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de4x5, tulip
These cards are based on the 21040 chip mentioned below.
The DE500 uses the 21140 chip to provide 10/100Mbs
ethernet connections.
Have a read of the 21040 section below for extra info.
There are also some compile-time options available for
non-DEC cards using this driver. Have a look at
README.de4x5
for details.
All the Digital cards will autoprobe for their media (except,
temporarily, the DE500 due to a patent issue).
This driver is also Alpha CPU ready and supports being loaded
as a module. Users can access the driver internals through
ioctl() calls - see the 'ewrk3' tools and the de4x5.c sources
for information about how to do this.
DEC 21040, 21041, 2114x, Tulip
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de4x5, tulip
The DEC 21040 is a bus-mastering single chip ethernet solution
from Digital, similar to AMD's PCnet chip. The 21040 is
specifically designed for the PCI bus architecture.
SMC's new EtherPower PCI card uses this chip.
You have a choice of two drivers for cards based on this
chip. There is the DE425 driver discussed above, and the
generic 21040 `tulip' driver.
Warning: Even though your card may be based upon this chip,
the drivers may not work for you. David C. Davies writes:
``There are no guarantees that either `tulip.c' OR `de4x5.c'
will run any DC2114x based card other than those they've been
written to support. WHY?? You ask. Because there is a register,
the General Purpose Register (CSR12) that (1) in the DC21140A is
programmable by each vendor and they all do it differently
(2) in the DC21142/3 this is now an SIA control register
(a la DC21041). The only small ray of hope is that we can decode the
SROM to help set up the driver. However, this is not a guaranteed
solution since some vendors (e.g. SMC 9332 card) don't follow the
Digital Semiconductor recommended SROM programming format."
In non-technical terms, this means that if you aren't sure that an
unknown card with a DC2114x chip will work with the linux driver(s),
then make sure you can return the card to the place of
purchase before you pay for it.
The updated 21041 chip is also found in place of the 21040
on most of the later SMC EtherPower cards.
The 21140 is for supporting 100Base-? and
works with the Linux drivers for the 21040 chip.
To use David's de4x5
driver with non-DEC cards, have a
look at README.de4x5
for details.
Donald has used SMC EtherPower-10/100 cards to develop
the `tulip' driver. Note that the driver that is
in the standard kernel tree at the moment is not the most
up to date version. If you are having trouble with this driver,
you should get the newest version from Donald's ftp/WWW
site.
Tulip Driver
The above URL also contains a (non-exhaustive) list of
various cards/vendors that use the 21040 chip.
Also note that the tulip driver is still considered an alpha
driver (see
Alpha Drivers) at the
moment, and should be treated as such. To use it, you
will have to edit arch/i386/config.in
and
uncomment the line for CONFIG_DEC_ELCP
support.
Donald has even set up a mailing list for tulip driver
support announcements, etc. To join it just type:
echo subscribe | /bin/mail
linux-tulip-request@cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov
Farallon sells EtherWave adaptors and transceivers. This device
allows multiple 10baseT devices to be daisy-chained.
Farallon Etherwave
Status: Supported, Driver Name: 3c509
This is reported to be a 3c509 clone that includes the
EtherWave transceiver. People have used these successfully
with Linux and the present 3c509 driver. They are too expensive
for general use, but are a great option for special cases. Hublet
prices start at $125, and Etherwave
adds $75-$100 to the price of the board -- worth
it if you have pulled one wire too few, but not if you are two
network drops short.
Unlike many network chip manufacturers, Fujitsu have also
made and sold some network cards based upon their chip.
Fujitsu FMV-181/182/183/184
Status: Supported, Driver Name: fmv18x
According to the driver, these cards are a straight forward
Fujitsu MB86965 implementation, which would make them
very similar to the Allied Telesis AT1700 cards.
The 272** cards use programmed I/O, similar to the NE*000 boards,
but the data transfer port can be `turned off' when you aren't
accessing it, avoiding problems with autoprobing drivers.
Thanks to Glenn Talbott for helping clean up the confusion in this
section regarding the version numbers of the HP hardware.
27245A
Status: Supported, Driver Name: hp (+8390)
8 Bit 8390 based 10BaseT, not recommended for all the
8 bit reasons. It was re-designed a couple years
ago to be highly integrated which caused some
changes in initialization timing which only
affected testing programs, not LAN drivers. (The
new card is not `ready' as soon after switching
into and out of loopback mode.)
If you intend on using this driver as a loadable module
you should probably see
Using the Ethernet Drivers as Modules
for module specific information.
HP EtherTwist, PC Lan+ (27247, 27252A)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: hp+ (+8390)
The HP PC Lan+ is different to the standard HP PC Lan
card. This driver was added to the list of drivers in the standard
kernel during the v1.1.x development cycle. It can be
operated in either a PIO mode like a ne2000, or a shared
memory mode like a wd8013.
The 47B is a 16 Bit 8390 based 10BaseT w/AUI, and
the 52A is a 16 Bit 8390 based ThinLAN w/AUI.
These cards have 32K onboard RAM for Tx/Rx packet buffering
instead of the usual 16KB, and they both offer LAN
connector autosense.
If you intend on using this driver as a loadable module
you should probably see
Using the Ethernet Drivers as Modules
for module specific information.
HP-J2405A
Status: Supported, Driver Name: lance
These are lower priced, and slightly faster than the
27247/27252A, but are missing some features, such
as AUI, ThinLAN connectivity, and boot PROM socket.
This is a fairly generic LANCE design, but a minor
design decision makes it incompatible with a generic
`NE2100' driver. Special support for it (including
reading the DMA channel from the board) is included
thanks to information provided by HP's Glenn
Talbott.
More technical information on LANCE based cards can be found in
Notes on AMD...
HP-Vectra On Board Ethernet
Status: Supported, Driver Name: lance
The HP-Vectra has an AMD PCnet chip on the motherboard.
DMA selection and chip numbering information can be found in
AMD LANCE.
More technical information on LANCE based cards can be found in
Notes on AMD...
HP 10/100 VG Any Lan Cards (27248B, J2573, J2577, J2585, J970, J973)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: hp100
This driver also supports some of the Compex VG products.
Since the driver supports ISA, EISA and PCI cards, it
is found under ISA cards when running make config
on a kernel source.
HP NetServer 10/100TX PCI (D5013A)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: eepro100
Apparently these are just a rebadged Intel EtherExpress Pro
10/100B card. See the Intel section for more information.
IBM Thinkpad 300
Status: Supported, Driver Name: znet
This is compatible with the Intel based Zenith Z-note.
See
Z-note for more info.
Supposedly this site has a comprehensive database of
useful stuff for newer versions of the Thinkpad. I haven't
checked it out myself yet.
Thinkpad-info
For those without a WWW browser handy, try
peipa.essex.ac.uk:/pub/tp750/
IBM Credit Card Adaptor for Ethernet
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ? (distributed separately)
People have been using this PCMCIA card with Linux as well.
Similar points apply, those being that you need a supported
PCMCIA chipset on your notebook, and that you will have to
patch the PCMCIA support into the standard kernel.
See
PCMCIA Support in this document,
and if you can, have a look at:
Don's PCMCIA Stuff
IBM Token Ring
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ibmtr
To support token ring
requires more than only writing a device driver, it also requires
writing the source routing routines for token ring. It is the
source routing that would be the most time comsuming to write.
Peter De Schrijver has been spending some time on Token Ring
lately. and has worked with IBM ISA and
MCA token ring cards.
The present token ring code has been included into the first
of the 1.3.x series kernels.
Peter says that it was originally tested on an MCA 16/4 Megabit Token
Ring board, but it should work with other Tropic based boards.
ICL EtherTeam 16i/32
Status: Supported, Driver Name: eth16i
Mika Kuoppala (miku@pupu.elt.icl.fi) wrote this driver, and
it was included into early 1.3.4x kernels. It uses the
Fujitsu MB86965 chip that is also used on the at1700 cards.
Note that the naming of the various Intel cards is ambiguous
and confusing at best. If in doubt, then check the i8xxxx
number on the main chip on the card or for PCI cards, use the
PCI information in the /proc
directory and then
compare that to the numbers listed here.
Ether Express
Status: Supported, Driver Name: eexpress
This card uses the intel i82586.
Earlier versions of this driver (in v1.2 kernels) were
classed as alpha-test, as it didn't work well for most people.
The driver in the v2.0 kernel seems to work much better
for those who have tried it, although the driver source still
lists it as experimental and more problematic on faster
machines.
The comments at the top of the
driver source list some of the problems (and fixes!) associated
with these cards. The slowdown hack of replacing all the outb
with outb_p
in the driver has been reported to avoid lockups
for at least one user.
Ether Express PRO/10
Status: Supported, Driver Name: eepro
Bao Chau Ha has written a driver for these cards that has been
included into early 1.3.x kernels. It may also work with some of
the Compaq built-in ethernet systems that are based on the
i82595 chip.
Ether Express PRO/10 PCI (EISA)
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ? (distributed separately)
John Stalba (stalba@ultranet.com) has written a driver
for the PCI version. These cards use the PLX9036 PCI interface chip
with the Intel i82596 LAN controller chip. If your card has
the i82557 chip, then you don't have this card, but
rather the version discussed next, and hence want the
EEPro100 driver instead.
You can get the alpha driver for the PRO/10 PCI card,
along with instructions on how to use it at:
EEPro10 Driver
If you have the EISA card, you will probably have to hack the
driver a bit to account for the different (PCI vs. EISA)
detection mechanisms that are used in each case.
Ether Express PRO 10/100B
Status: Supported, Driver Name: eepro100
Note that this driver will not work with the older 100A cards.
The chip numbers listed in the driver are i82557/i82558.
For driver updates and/or driver support, have a look at:
EEPro-100B Page
To subscribe to the mailing list relating to this driver, do:
echo subscribe | /bin/mail
linux-eepro100-request@cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov
Apparently Donald
had to sign a non-disclosure agreement that stated he could
actually disclose the driver source code! How is that for
sillyness on intel's part?
Kingston make various cards, including NE2000+, AMD PCnet based
cards, and DEC tulip based cards. Most of these cards should work
fine with their respective driver. See
Kingston Web Page
The KNE40 DEC 21041 tulip based card is reported to work fine
with the generic tulip driver.
LinkSys make a handful of different NE2000 clones, some straight
ISA cards, some ISA plug and play and some even ne2000-PCI clones
based on one of the supported ne2000-PCI chipsets. There are
just too many models to list here.
LinkSys are linux-friendly, with a linux specific WWW support
page, and even have Linux printed on the boxes of some of their
products. Have a look at:
http://www.linksys.com/support/solution/nos/linux.htm
LinkSys Etherfast 10/100 Cards.
Status: Supported, Driver Name: tulip
Note that with these cards there have been several `revisions' (i.e.
different chipset used) all with the same card name. The 1st used
the DEC chipset. The 2nd revision used the Lite-On PNIC 82c168 PCI
Network Interface Controller, and support for this was merged into
the standard tulip driver (as of version 0.83 and newer).
More PNIC information is available at:
http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/pnic.html
More information on the various versions of these cards can be found
at the LinkSys WWW site mentioned above.
LinkSys Pocket Ethernet Adapter Plus (PEAEPP)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de620
This is supposedly a DE-620 clone, and is reported to
work well with that driver. See
DE-620 for more information.
LinkSys PCMCIA Adaptor
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de650 (?)
This is supposed to be a re-badged DE-650. See
DE-650 for more information.
Microdyne Exos 205T
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ?
Another i82586 based card. Dirk Niggemann
dirk-n@dircon.co.uk
has written a driver that he classes as ``pre-alpha''
that he would like people to test. Mail him for more details.
Mylex can be reached at the following numbers, in case anyone
wants to ask them anything.
MYLEX CORPORATION, Fremont
Sales: 800-77-MYLEX, (510) 796-6100
FAX: (510) 745-8016.
They also have a web site:
Mylex WWW Site
Mylex LNE390A, LNE390B
Status: Supported, Driver Name: lne390 (+8390)
These are fairly old EISA cards that make use of a shared
memory implementation similar to the wd80x3. A driver for
these cards is available in the current 2.1.x series of
kernels. Ensure you set the shared memory address below
1MB or above the highest address of the physical RAM installed in
the machine.
Mylex LNP101
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de4x5, tulip
This is a PCI card that is based on DEC's 21040 chip.
It is selectable between 10BaseT, 10Base2 and 10Base5 output.
The LNP101 card has been verified to work with the generic
21040 driver.
See the section on the 21040 chip
(
DEC 21040)
for more information.
Mylex LNP104
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: de4x5, tulip
The LNP104 uses the DEC 21050 chip to deliver four
independent 10BaseT ports. It should work with recent 21040
drivers that know how to share IRQs, but nobody has
reported trying it yet (that I am aware of).
The prefix `NE' came from Novell Ethernet. Novell followed the
cheapest NatSemi databook design and sold the manufacturing rights
(spun off?) Eagle, just to get reasonably-priced ethercards into
the market. (The now ubiquitous NE2000 card.)
NE1000, NE2000
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ne (+8390)
The ne2000 is now a generic name for a bare-bones design around
the NatSemi 8390 chip. They use programmed I/O rather than
shared memory, leading to easier installation but
slightly lower performance and a few problems.
Some of the more common problems that arise
with NE2000 cards are listed in
Problems with...
Some NE2000 clones use the National
Semiconductor `AT/LANTic' 83905 chip, which offers
a shared memory mode similar to the wd8013 and EEPROM
software configuration. The shared memory mode will offer
less CPU usage (i.e. more efficient) than the programmed
I/O mode.
In general it is not a good idea to put a NE2000
clone at I/O address 0x300
because nearly
every device driver probes there at boot. Some
poor NE2000 clones don't take kindly to being prodded
in the wrong areas, and will respond by locking your
machine. Also 0x320
is bad because SCSI drivers
probe into 0x330
.
Donald has written a NE2000 diagnostic program (ne2k.c)
for all ne2000 cards.
See
Diagnostic Programs for more
information.
If you intend on using this driver as a loadable module
you should probably see
Using the Ethernet Drivers as Modules
for module specific information.
NE2000-PCI (RealTek/Winbond/Compex)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ne, ne2k-pci (+8390)
Yes, believe it or not, people are making PCI cards based on
the more than ten year old interface
design of the ne2000. At the moment
nearly all of these cards are based on the RealTek 8029 chip,
or the Winbond 89c940 chip. The Compex, KTI, VIA and Netvin cards
apparently also use these chips, but have a different PCI ID.
The latest v2.0 kernel has support to automatically detect all
these cards and use them. (If you are using a kernel v2.0.34 or
older, you should upgrade to ensure your card will be detected.)
There are now two drivers to choose from; the original ISA/PCI
ne.c
driver, and a relatively new PCI-only ne2k-pci.c
driver.
To use the original ISA/PCI driver you have to say `Y' to
the `Other ISA cards' option when running make config
as
you are actually using the same NE2000 driver as the ISA cards
use. (That should also give you a hint that these cards aren't
anywhere as intelligent as say a PCNet-PCI or DEC 21040 card...)
The newer PCI-only driver differs from the ISA/PCI driver in
that all the support for old NE1000 8 bit cards has been removed
and that data is moved to/from the card in bigger blocks, without
any intervening pauses that the older ISA-NE2000's required for
reliable operation. The result is a driver that is slightly
smaller and slightly more efficient, but don't get too excited
as the difference will not be obvious under normal use. (If you
really wanted maximum efficiency/low CPU use, then a PCI-NE2000
is simply a very poor choice.) Driver updates and more
information can be found at:
http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/ne2k-pci.html
If you have a NE2000 PCI card that is not detected by
the most current version of the driver, please contact the
maintainer of the NE2000 driver as listed
in /usr/src/linux/MAINTAINERS
along with the output
from a cat /proc/pci
and dmesg
so that
support for your card can also be added to the driver.
Also note that various card makers have been known to put
`NE2000 Compatible' stickers on their product boxes even when
it is completely different (e.g. PCNet-PCI or RealTek 8139).
If in doubt check the main chip number against this document.
NE-10/100
Status: Not Supported.
These are ISA 100Mbps cards based on the National Semiconductor
DP83800 and DP83840 chips. There is currently no driver support,
nor has anyone reported that they are working on a driver.
Apparently documentation on the chip is unavailable with the
exception of a single PDF file that doesn't give enough details
for a driver.
NE1500, NE2100
Status: Supported, Driver Name: lance
These cards use the original 7990 LANCE chip from AMD and
are supported using the Linux lance driver. Newer NE2100
clones use the updated PCnet/ISA chip from AMD.
Some earlier versions of the lance driver had problems
with getting the IRQ line via autoIRQ from the original
Novell/Eagle 7990 cards. Hopefully this is now fixed.
If not, then specify the IRQ via LILO, and let us know
that it still has problems.
DMA selection and chip numbering information can be found in
AMD LANCE.
More technical information on LANCE based cards can be found in
Notes on AMD...
NE/2 MCA
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ne2
There were a few NE2000 microchannel cards made by various
companies. This driver, available in v2.2 kernels, will detect
the following MCA cards: Novell Ethernet Adapter NE/2,
Compex ENET-16 MC/P, and the Arco Ethernet Adapter AE/2.
NE3200
Status: Not Supported.
This old EISA card uses a 8MHz 80186 in conjunction with an i82586.
Nobody is working on a driver for it, as there is no information
available on the card, and no real demand for a driver either.
NE3210
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ne3210 (+8390)
This EISA card is completely different from the NE3200, as it
uses a Nat Semi 8390 chip. The driver can be found in the v2.2
kernel source tree. Ensure you set the shared memory address below
1MB or above the highest address of the physical RAM installed in
the machine.
NE5500
Status: Supported, Driver Name: pcnet32
These are just AMD PCnet-PCI cards ('970A) chips. More
information on LANCE/PCnet based cards can be found in
AMD LANCE.
Proteon P1370-EA
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ne (+8390)
Apparently this is a NE2000 clone, and works fine with Linux.
Proteon P1670-EA
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de4x5, tulip
This is yet another PCI card that is based on DEC's Tulip chip.
It has been reported to work fine with Linux.
See the section on the 21040 chip
(
DEC 21040)
for more driver information.
PDUC8028, PDI8023
Status: Supported, Driver Name: wd (+8390)
The PureData PDUC8028 and PDI8023 series of cards are reported
to work, thanks to special probe code contributed by Mike
Jagdis jaggy@purplet.demon.co.uk
. The support is integrated
with the WD driver.
Racal Interlan can be reached via WWW at
www.interlan.com
. I believe they were also known as
MiCom-Interlan at one point in the past.
ES3210
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: es3210
This is an EISA 8390 based shared memory card. An experimetal
driver is shipped with v2.2 kernels and it is reported to
work fine, but the EISA IRQ and shared memory address detection
appears not to work with (at least) the early revision cards.
(This problem is not unique to the Linux world either...)
In that case, you have to supply them to the driver.
For example, card at IRQ 5 and shared memory 0xd0000
,
with a modular driver, add
options es3210 irq=5 mem=0xd0000
to /etc/conf.modules
.
Or with the driver compiled into the kernel, supply at
boot ether=5,0,0xd0000,eth0
The I/O base is automatically detected
and hence a value of zero should be used.
NI5010
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ni5010
You used to have to go get the driver for these old 8 bit
MiCom-Interlan cards separately, but now it is shipped with
the v2.2 kernels as an experimental driver.
NI5210
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ni52
This card also uses one of the Intel chips.
Michael Hipp has written a driver for this card. It is included
in the standard kernel as an `alpha' driver. Michael would like
to hear feedback from users that have this card. See
Alpha Drivers for important
information on using alpha-test ethernet drivers
with Linux.
NI6510 (not EB)
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ni65
There is also a driver for the LANCE based NI6510, and it
is also written by Michael Hipp. Again, it is also an
`alpha' driver. For some reason, this card is not compatible
with the generic LANCE driver. See
Alpha Drivers for important
information on using alpha-test ethernet drivers
with Linux.
EtherBlaster (aka NI6510EB)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: lance
As of kernel 1.3.23, the generic LANCE driver had a check
added to it for the 0x52, 0x44
NI6510EB specific signature.
Others have reported that this signature is not the same
for all NI6510EB cards however, which will cause the lance
driver to not detect your card. If this happens to you, you
can change the probe (at about line 322 in lance.c) to printk()
out what the values are for your card and then use them instead
of the 0x52, 0x44
defaults.
The cards should probably be run in `high-performance' mode
and not in the NI6510 compatible mode when using the lance driver.
RealTek RTL8002/8012 (AT-Lan-Tec) Pocket adaptor
Status: Supported, Driver Name: atp
This is a generic, low-cost OEM pocket adaptor being sold by
AT-Lan-Tec, and (likely) a number of other suppliers. A
driver for it is included in the standard kernel.
Note that there is substantial information contained in the
driver source file `atp.c'.
Note that the device name that you pass to ifconfig
was not eth0
but atp0
for earlier versions
of this driver.
RealTek 8009
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ne (+8390)
This is an ISA NE2000 clone, and is reported to work fine with
the linux NE2000 driver.
The rset8009.exe
program can be obtained from RealTek's
WWW site at http://www.realtek.com.tw
- or via ftp
from the same site.
RealTek 8019
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ne (+8390)
This is a Plug and Pray version of the above. Use the DOS
software to disable PnP and enable jumperless configuration;
set the card to a sensible I/O address and IRQ and you should
be ready to go. (If using the driver as a module, don't forget
to add an io=0xNNN
option to /etc/conf.modules
).
The rset8019.exe
program can be obtained from RealTek's
WWW site at http://www.realtek.com.tw
- or via ftp
from the same site.
RealTek 8029
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ne, ne2k-pci (+8390)
This is a PCI single chip implementation of a NE2000 clone.
Various vendors are now selling cards with this chip. See
NE2000-PCI for information on
using any of these cards. Note that
this is still a 10+ year old design just glued onto a
PCI bus. Performance won't be staggeringly better than
the equivalent ISA model.
RealTek 8129/8139
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: rtl8139
Another PCI single chip ethernet solution from RealTek.
A driver for cards based upon this chip was included
in the v2.0.34 release of linux. You currently have to answer
`Y' when asked if you want experimental drivers for v2.2
kernels to get access to this driver. For more information, see:
http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/rtl8139.html
Sager NP943
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: 3c501
This is just a 3c501 clone, with a different S.A. PROM
prefix. I assume it is equally as brain dead as the
original 3c501 as well. The driver checks
for the NP943 I.D. and then just treats it as a 3c501
after that. See
3Com 3c501
for all the reasons as to why you really don't want
to use one of these cards.
SK G16
Status: Supported, Driver Name: sk_g16
This driver was included into the v1.1 kernels, and it was
written by PJD Weichmann and SWS Bern. It appears that the
SK G16 is similar to the NI6510, in that it is based on
the first edition LANCE chip (the 7990). Once again, it
appears as though this card won't work with the generic
LANCE driver.
SEEQ 8005
Status: Supported, Driver Name: seeq8005
This driver was included into early 1.3.x kernels, and
was written by Hamish Coleman. There is little information
about the card included in the driver, and hence little
information to be put here. If you have a question, you
are probably best off e-mailing hamish@zot.apana.org.au
The ethernet part of Western Digital was bought out by SMC
many years ago when the wd8003 and wd8013 were the main
product. Since then SMC has continued making 8390 based
ISA cards (Elite16, Ultra, EtherEZ) and also added several
PCI products to their range.
Contact information for SMC:
SMC / Standard Microsystems Corp., 80 Arkay Drive, Hauppage, New York,
11788, USA. Technical Support via phone: 800-992-4762 (USA) or
800-433-5345 (Canada) or 516-435-6250 (Other Countries).
Literature requests: 800-SMC-4-YOU (USA) or 800-833-4-SMC (Canada)
or 516-435-6255 (Other Countries). Technical Support via E-mail:
techsupt@ccmail.west.smc.com
. FTP Site: ftp.smc.com
.
WWW Site:
SMC.
WD8003, SMC Elite
Status: Supported, Driver Name: wd (+8390)
These are the 8-bit versions of the card. The
8 bit 8003 is slightly less expensive, but only
worth the savings for light use. Note that some
of the non-EEPROM cards (clones with jumpers, or
old old old wd8003 cards) have no way of reporting
the IRQ line used. In this case, auto-irq is used, and if
that fails, the driver silently assings IRQ 5.
You can get the SMC setup/driver disks from SMC's ftp site.
Note that some of the
newer SMC `SuperDisk' programs will fail to detect
the real old EEPROM-less cards. The file SMCDSK46.EXE
seems to be a good all-round choice. Also the jumper
settings for all their cards are in an ASCII text file in the
aforementioned archive. The latest (greatest?) version
can be obtained from ftp.smc.com
.
As these are basically the
same as their 16 bit counterparts (WD8013 / SMC Elite16),
you should see the next section for more information.
WD8013, SMC Elite16
Status: Supported, Driver Name: wd (+8390)
Over the
years the design has added more registers and an
EEPROM. (The first wd8003 cards appeared about ten years ago!)
Clones usually go by the `8013' name, and
usually use a non-EEPROM (jumpered) design.
Late model SMC cards will have the SMC 83c690 chip instead
of the original Nat Semi DP8390 found on earlier cards.
The shared memory design makes the cards a bit faster
than PIO cards, especially with larger packets.
More importantly, from the
driver's point of view, it avoids a few bugs in the
programmed-I/O mode of the 8390, allows safe
multi-threaded access to the packet buffer, and
it doesn't have a programmed-I/O data register that
hangs your machine during warm-boot probes.
Non-EEPROM cards that can't just read the selected
IRQ will attempt auto-irq, and if that fails, they will
silently assign IRQ 10. (8 bit versions will assign IRQ 5)
Cards with a non standard amount of memory on board can
have the memory size specified at boot (or as an option
in /etc/conf.modules
if using modules).
The standard memory size is
8kB for an 8bit card and 16kB for a 16bit card.
For example, the older WD8003EBT cards could be jumpered
for 32kB memory. To make full use of that RAM, you would
use something like (for I/O=0x280 and IRQ 9):
LILO: linux ether=9,0x280,0xd0000,0xd8000,eth0
Also see
8013 problems
for some of the more common problems and frequently
asked questions that pop up often.
If you intend on using this driver as a loadable module
you should probably see
Using the Ethernet Drivers as Modules
for module specific information.
SMC Elite Ultra
Status: Supported, Driver Name: smc-ultra (+8390)
This ethercard is based on the
83c790 chip from SMC, which has
a few new features over the 83c690. While it has a mode that is
similar to the older SMC ethercards, it's not entirely
compatible with the old WD80*3 drivers. However, in
this mode it shares most of its code with the other
8390 drivers, while operating slightly faster than a
WD8013 clone.
Since part of the Ultra looks like
an 8013, the Ultra probe is supposed to find an
Ultra before the wd8013 probe has a chance to
mistakenly identify it.
Donald mentioned that it is possible to write a separate
driver for the Ultra's `Altego' mode which allows
chaining transmits at the cost of inefficient use of receive
buffers, but that will probably not happen.
Bus-Master SCSI host adaptor users take note: In the
manual that ships with Interactive UNIX, it mentions
that a bug in the SMC Ultra will cause data corruption
with SCSI disks being run from an aha-154X host adaptor.
This will probably bite aha-154X compatible cards, such
as the BusLogic boards, and the AMI-FastDisk SCSI host
adaptors as well.
SMC has acknowledged the problem occurs with
Interactive, and older Windows NT drivers. It is
a hardware conflict with early revisions of the card
that can be worked around in the driver design. The current
Ultra driver protects against this by only enabling the
shared memory during data transfers with the card. Make sure
your kernel version is at least 1.1.84, or that the driver
version reported at boot is at least smc-ultra.c:v1.12
otherwise you are vulnerable.
If you intend on using this driver as a loadable module
you should probably see
Using the Ethernet Drivers as Modules
for module specific information.
SMC Elite Ultra32 EISA
Status: Supported, Driver Name: smc-ultra32 (+8390)
This EISA card shares a lot in common with its ISA counterpart.
A working (and stable) driver is included in both v2.0
and v2.2 kernels. Thanks go to Leonard
Zubkoff for purchasing some of these cards so that linux support
could be added for them.
SMC EtherEZ (8416)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: smc-ultra (+8390)
This card uses SMC's 83c795 chip and supports the Plug 'n Play
specification. It also has an SMC Ultra compatible mode,
which allows it to be used with the Linux Ultra driver.
For best results, use the SMC supplied program (avail. from
their www/ftp site) to disable PnP and configure it for
shared memory mode. See the above information for notes on
the Ultra driver.
For v1.2 kernels, the card had to be configured for
shared memory operation. However v2.0 kernels can use the
card in shared memory or programmed I/O mode. Shared
memory mode will be slightly faster, and use
less CPU resources as well.
SMC EtherPower PCI (8432)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de4x5, tulip
NB: The EtherPower II is an entirely different card. See
below!
These cards are
a basic DEC 21040 implementation, i.e. one big chip
and a couple of transceivers. Donald has used one
of these cards for his development of the generic
21040 driver (aka tulip.c
). Thanks to Duke Kamstra,
once again, for supplying a card to do development on.
Some of the later revisons of this card use the newer
DEC 21041 chip, which may cause problems with
older versions of the tulip driver. If you have problems,
make sure you are using the latest driver release, which
may not yet be included in the current kernel source tree.
See
DEC 21040 for more
details on using one of these cards, and the current
status of the driver.
Apparently, the latest revision of the card, the EtherPower-II
uses the 9432 chip. It is unclear at the moment if this one will
work with the present driver. As always, if unsure, check
that you can return the card if it doesn't work with the linux
driver before paying for the card.
SMC EtherPower II PCI (9432)
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: epic100
These cards, based upon the SMC 83c170 chip, are entirely
different than the Tulip based cards. A new driver
has been included in kernels v2.0 and v2.2 to support
these cards. For more details, see:
http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/epic100.html
SMC 3008
Status: Not Supported.
These 8 bit cards are based on the Fujitsu MB86950, which is an
ancient version of the MB86965 used in the Linux at1700
driver. Russ says that you could probably hack up a driver
by looking at the at1700.c code and his DOS packet driver
for the Tiara card (tiara.asm). They are not very common.
SMC 3016
Status: Not Supported.
These are 16bit I/O mapped 8390 cards, much similar to a generic
NE2000 card. If you can get the specifications from SMC, then
porting the NE2000 driver would probably be quite easy.
They are not very common.
SMC-9000 / SMC 91c92/4
Status: Supported, Driver Name: smc9194
The SMC9000 is a VLB card based on the 91c92 chip.
The 91c92 appears on a few other brand cards as well,
but is fairly uncommon.
Erik Stahlman (erik@vt.edu) has written this driver
which is in v2.0 kernels, but not in the older v1.2
kernels. You may be able to drop the driver into a
v1.2 kernel source tree with minimal difficulty.
SMC 91c100
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: smc9194
The SMC 91c92 driver is supposed to work for cards based on this
100Base-T chip, but at the moment this is unverified.
ThunderLAN
Status: Supported, Driver Name: tlan
This driver covers many Compaq built-in ethernet devices,
including the NetFlex and Netelligent groups. It also supports
the Olicom 2183, 2185, 2325 and 2326 products.
Thomas Conrad TC-5048
This is yet another PCI card that is based on DEC's 21040 chip.
See the section on the 21040 chip
(
DEC 21040)
for more information.
You probably won't see a VIA networking card, as VIA make several
networking chips that are then used by others in the construction
of an ethernet card. They have a WWW site at:
http://www.via.com.tw/
VIA 86C926 Amazon
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ne, ne2k-pci (+8390)
This controller chip is VIA's PCI-NE2000 offering. You
can choose between the ISA/PCI ne.c
driver or
the PCI-only ne2k-pci.c
driver. See the PCI-NE2000
section for more details.
VIA 86C100A Rhine II (and 3043 Rhine I)
Status Supported, Driver Name: via-rhine
This relatively new driver can be found in current 2.0
and 2.1 kernels. It is an improvement over the 86C926
NE2000 chip in that it supports bus master transfers, but
strict 32 bit buffer alignment requirements limit the
benefit gained from this. For more details and driver
updates, see:
http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/via-rhine.html
Please see
SMC for
information on SMC cards. (SMC bought out Western Digital's
network card section many years ago.)
Winbond don't really make and sell complete cards to the
general public -- instead they make single chip ethernet
solutions that other companies buy, stick onto a PCI board
with their own name and then sell through retail stores.
Winbond 89c840
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: winbond-840
This driver isn't currently shipped with the kernel, as it
is in the testing phase. It is available at:
http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/test/winbond-840.c
Winbond 89c940
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ne, ne2k-pci (+8390)
This chip is one of the two commonly found on the low price
PCI ne2000 cards sold by lots of manufacturers. Note that
this is still a 10+ year old design just glued onto a
PCI bus. Performance won't be staggeringly better than
the equivalent ISA model.
For the longest time, Xircom wouldn't release the programming
information required to write a driver, unless you signed
your life away. Apparently enough linux users have pestered them
for driver support (they claim to support all popular networking
operating systems...) so that they have changed their policy
to allow documentation to be released without having to
sign a non-disclosure agreement. Some people have said they
they will release the source code to the SCO driver, while others
have been told that they are no longer providing information
on `obsolete' products like the earlier PE models.
If you are interested and want to check into this yourself, you can
reach Xircom at 1-800-874-7875, 1-800-438-4526 or +1-818-878-7600.
Xircom PE1, PE2, PE3-10B*
Status: Not Supported.
Not to get your hopes up, but if you have one of these parallel
port adaptors, you may be able to use it in the DOS emulator
with the Xircom-supplied DOS drivers. You will have to allow
DOSEMU access to your parallel port, and will probably have
to play with SIG (DOSEMU's Silly Interrupt Generator).
Xircom PCMCIA Cards
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ????
Some of the Xircom PCMCIA card(s) have drivers that are
available with David Hinds PCMCIA package. Check there
for the most up to date indformation
Z-Note
Status: Supported, Driver Name: znet
The built-in Z-Note network adaptor is based on the Intel
i82593 using two DMA channels. There is an (alpha?) driver
available in the present kernel version. As with all notebook
and pocket adaptors, it is under the `Pocket and portable
adaptors' section when running make config
.
Also note that the IBM ThinkPad 300 is compatible with the Z-Note.
Znyx ZX342 (DEC 21040 based)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de4x5, tulip
You have a choice of two drivers for cards based on this
chip. There is the DE425 driver written by David, and the
generic 21040 driver that Donald has written.
Note that as of 1.1.91, David has added a compile time option that
may allow non-DEC cards (such as the Znyx cards) to work with
this driver. Have a look at README.de4x5
for details.
See
DEC 21040
for more information on these cards, and the present driver
situation.
Okay, so your uncle's cousin's neighbour's friend had a brother
who found an old ISA ethernet card in the AT case he was using as
a cage for his son's pet hampster. Somehow you ended up with
the card and want to try and use it with linux, but nobody
has a clue what the card is and there isn't any documentation.
First of all, look for any obvious model numbers that might
give a clue. Any model number that contains 2000 will most
likely be a NE2000 clone. Any cards with 8003 or 8013
on them somewhere will be Western/Digital WD80x3 cards
or SMC Elite cards or clones of them.
Identifying the Network Interface Controller
Look for the biggest chip on the card. This will be the
network controller (NIC) itself, and most can be identified by
the part number. If you know which NIC is on the card, the
following might be able to help you figure out what card it is.
Probably still the most common NIC is the National Semiconductor
DP8390 aka NS32490 aka DP83901 aka DP83902 aka DP83905 aka DP83907.
And those are just the ones made by National! Other companies
such as Winbond and UMC make DP8390 and DP83905 clone parts,
such as the Winbond 89c904 (DP83905 clone) and the UMC 9090.
If the card has some form of 8390 on it, then chances are it
is a ne1000 or ne2000 clone card. The second most common 8390
based card are wd80x3 cards and clones. Cards with a DP83905
can be configured to be an ne2000 or a wd8013. Never versions
of the genuine wd80x3 and SMC Elite cards have an 83c690 in place
of the original DP8390. The SMC Ultra cards have an 83c790,
and use a slightly different driver than the wd80x3 cards.
The SMC EtherEZ cards have an 83c795, and use the same driver
as the SMC Ultra. All BNC cards based on some sort of 8390 or
8390 clone will usually have an 8392 (or 83c692, or ???392)
16 pin DIP chip very close to the BNC connector.
Another common NIC found on older cards is the Intel i82586.
Cards having this NIC include the 3c505, 3c507, 3c523, Intel
EtherExpress-ISA, Microdyne Exos-205T, and the Racal-Interlan NI5210.
The original AMD LANCE NIC was numbered AM7990, and newer
revisions include the 79c960, 79c961, 79c965, 79c970, and 79c974.
Most cards with one of the above will work with the Linux LANCE
driver, with the exception of the old Racal-Interlan NI6510
cards that have their own driver.
Newer PCI cards having a DEC 21040, 21041, 21140, or similar
number on the NIC should be able to use the linux tulip or
de4x5 driver.
Other PCI cards having a big chip marked RTL8029 or
89C940 or 86C926 are ne2000
clone cards, and the ne driver in linux version v2.0 and up
should automatically detect these cards at boot.
Identifying the Ethernet Address
Each ethernet card has its own six byte address that is
unique to that card. The first three bytes of that address
are the same for each card made by that particular manufacturer.
For example all SMC cards start with 00:00:c0
.
The last three are assigned by the manufacturer uniquely to each
individual card as they are produced.
If your card has a sticker on it giving all six bits of its
address, you can look up the vendor from the first three.
However it is more common to see only the last three bytes
printed onto a sticker attached to a socketed PROM,
which tells you nothing.
You can determine which vendors have which assigned addresses
from RFC-1340. Apparently there is a more up to date listing
available in various places as well. Try a WWW or FTP search
for EtherNet-codes
or Ethernet-codes
and you will
find something.
Tips on Trying to Use an Unknown Card
If you are still not sure what the card is, but have at least
narrowed it down some, then you can build a kernel with a
whole bunch of drivers included, and see if any of them
autodetect the card at boot.
If the kernel doesn't detect the card, it may be that the
card is not configured to one of the addresses that the
driver probes when looking for a card. In this case, you
might want to try getting scanport.tar.gz
from your
local linux ftp site, and see if that can locate where your
card is jumpered for. It scans ISA I/O space from 0x100
to 0x3ff
looking for devices that aren't registered in
/proc/ioports
. If it finds an unknown device starting
at some particular address, you can then explicity point the
ethernet probes at that address with an ether=
boot
argument.
If you manage to get the card detected, you can then
usually figure out the unknown jumpers by changing them
one at a time and seeing at what I/O base and IRQ that the
card is detected at. The IRQ settings can also usually be
determined by
following the traces on the back of the card to where the
jumpers are soldered through. Counting the `gold fingers'
on the backside, from the end of the card with the metal bracket,
you have IRQ 9, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 10, 11, 12, 15, 14 at fingers
4, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 respectively.
Eight bit cards only have up to finger 31.
Jumpers that appear to do nothing usually are for selecting
the memory address of an optional boot ROM. Other jumpers that
are located near the BNC or RJ-45 or AUI connectors are usually
to select the output media. These are also typically near
the `black box' voltage converters marked YCL, Valor, or Fil-Mag.
A nice collection of jumper settings for various cards can
be found at the following URL:
Ethercard Settings
There are a few other drivers that are in the linux source
that present an ethernet-like device to network
programs, while not really being ethernet. These are briefly
listed here for completeness.
dummy.c
- The purpose of this driver is to provide a device
to point a route through, but not to actually transmit packets.
eql.c
- Load Equalizer, enslaves multiple devices (usually
modems) and balances the Tx load across them while presenting
a single device to the network programs.
ibmtr.c
- IBM Token Ring, which is not really ethernet.
Broken-Ring requires source routing and other uglies.
loopback.c
- Loopback device, for which all packets
from your machine and destined for your own machine go.
It essentially just moves the packet off the Tx queue and
onto the Rx queue.
pi2.c
- Ottawa Amateur Radio Club PI and PI2 interface.
plip.c
- Parallel Line Internet Protocol, allows two
computers to send packets to each other over two joined
parallel ports in a point-to-point fashion.
ppp.c
- Point-to-Point Protocol (RFC1331), for the
Transmission of Multi-protocol Datagrams over a
Point-to-Point Link (again usually modems).
slip.c
- Serial Line Internet Protocol, allows two
computers to send packets to each other over two joined
serial ports (usually via modems) in a point-to-point fashion.
tunnel.c
- Provides an IP tunnel through which you can
tunnel network traffic transparently across subnets
wavelan.c
- An Ethernet-like radio transceiver
controlled by the Intel 82586 coprocessor which is used on
other ethercards such as the Intel EtherExpress.
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Ç÷ÎÇÇ°¡ ¸ØÃ⶧±îÁö ÇÑ 1-2ºÐÀ» ±â´Ù¸° ÈÄ, default.exe
ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ ½ÇÇàÀÌ ³¡³µ´Ù°í ¾Ë
·ÁÁö¸é ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ ÆÄ¿ö¸¦ ³»¸°´Ù. ´Ù½Ã Ä×À» ¶§, Á¦´ë·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡´Â ȸéÀ» º¸°ÔµÇ°í, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ
CMOS ¼³Á¤À» µ¹·Á³õÀºµÚ, Ä«µåÀÇ EEPROM ¼³Á¤À» ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â °ªÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù¸é µÈ´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ DOS Ç÷ÎÇǸ¦ ±¸ÇÒ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸é, default.exe
ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î
½ÇÇàµÇ´Â DOS ºÎÆà µð½ºÅ© ´ë½Å¿¡, À§ÀÇ ¸ðµç ÀÛ¾÷µéÀÌ ¸®´ª½º ºÎÆ® µð½ºÅ©¿¡¼ ÀÚµ¿
ÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÇÇàµÇ´Â DonaldÀÇ atlantic
ÇÁ·Î±×·¥(¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ ¸í·ÉÇà Àüȯ°ú ÇÔ²²)À»
±¸ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
3Com Ä«µåµé
3Com Etherlink III °è¿ÀÇ Ä«µåµé(Áï, 3c5x9)Àº DonaldÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ¼³Á¤ À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ
¼³Á¤ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov
¿¡ ÀÖ´Â
/pub/linux/setup/3c5x9setup.c
ÈÀÏÀ» ±¸Çؼ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Ä«µåµéÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
(DOS 3c5x9B ¼³Á¤ À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼´Â Etherlink III °è¿ÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ``B'' ½Ã¸®Áî¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ´õ ¸¹Àº
¿É¼ÇµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾ÆµÎ¶ó.)
Donald°¡ ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ ¸ðµç Á¡°Ë ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µéÀº ÀÌ URL¿¡¼ ±¸ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Ethercard Diagnostics
Allied Telesis AT1700 -- cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov
»óÀÇ
/pub/linux/diag/at1700.c
¸¦ ã¾Æº¸¶ó.
Cabletron E21XX -- cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov
»óÀÇ
/pub/linux/diag/e21.c
¸¦ ã¾Æº¸¶ó.
HP PCLAN+ -- cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov
»óÀÇ
/pub/linux/diag/hp+.c
¸¦ ã¾Æº¸¶ó.
Intel EtherExpress -- cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov
»óÀÇ
/pub/linux/diag/eexpress.c
¸¦ ã¾Æº¸¶ó.
NE2000 Ä«µåµé -- cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov
»óÀÇ
/pub/linux/diag/ne2k.c
¸¦ ã¾Æº¸¶ó.
°Å±â¿¡´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌÁ¦´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ NE2000-PCI ȣȯÁ¦Ç°µéÀ» À§ÇÑ PCI ¹öÀüµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
RealTek (ATP) Pocket adaptor -- cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov
»óÀÇ
/pub/linux/diag/atp-diag.c
¸¦ ã¾Æº¸¶ó.
´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç Ä«µåµé -- cat /proc/net/dev
¿Í
dmesg
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(wd80x3, SMC-Ultra, 3c503, ne2000, µîµî)Àº ¹éÅõ¹é ÆÐŶµéÀ» ¸Å¿ì Àß º¸³»°í(ÇöÀçÀÇ ÀÎÅÍ·´Æ®
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ISA ¹ö½º´Â 5.3MB/sec (42Mb/sec)ÀÇ ¼Óµµ¸¦ °¡Áú¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, 10Mbps ÀÌ´õ³Ý¿¡´Â ÃæºÐÇØ º¸ÀδÙ.
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°ÍÀÌ ´ç¿¬ÇÏ´Ù.
Programmed I/O (e.g. NE2000, 3c509)
Pro: ¾î¶°ÇÑ °Á¦ÀûÀÎ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ÀÚ¿øÀÇ »ç¿ëµµ ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ¾ÆÁÖ Á¶±ÝÀÇ I/O ·¹Áö½ºÅ͸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í,
16M Á¦ÇÑÀ» °¡ÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
Con: º¸Åë Àü¼Û·üÀÌ °¡Àå ´À¸®°í, CPU´Â Ç×»ó ±â´Ù·Á¾ßÇϸç, ³¢¾îµç ÆÐŶ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¢±ÙÀº º¸Åë
Èûµé°Å³ª ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
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µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù), ±×¸®°í ¿©ÀüÈ÷ CPU¸¦ Àâ¾ÆµÐ´Ù.
Slave (normal) Direct Memory Access (e.g. ¸®´ª½º¿¡´Â ¾ø´Ù!)
Pro: ½ÇÁ¦ µ¥ÀÌŸ Àü¼Û½Ã¿¡´Â CPU ¸¦ ³õ¾ÆÁØ´Ù.
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ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù.
Bus Master Direct Memory Access (e.g. LANCE, DEC 21040)
Pro: µ¥ÀÌŸ Àü¼ÛÁß¿¡´Â CPU°¡ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ì¸ç, ¹öÆÛµé°ú ÇÔ²² ¹è¿ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ISA ¹ö½º»ó¿¡¼
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ij½Ã¸¦ ÁغñÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.
Con: (ISA ¹ö½º Ä«µåµé¿¡¸¸ ÇØ´çµÈ´Ù)
Ä«µå¿¡´Â Àú¼öÁØ ¸Þ¸ð¸® ¹öÆÛ¿Í DMAä³ÎÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
Any bus-master will have problems with other bus-masters
that are bus-hogs, such as some primitive SCSI adaptors. A few
badly-designed motherboard chipsets have problems with
bus-masters. And a reason for not using any type of
DMA device is using a 486 processor designed for
plug-in replacement of a 386: these processors must
flush their cache with each DMA cycle. (This includes
the Cx486DLC, Ti486DLC, Cx486SLC, Ti486SLC, etc.)
The only thing that one needs to use an ethernet card with Linux
is the appropriate driver. For this, it is essential that the
manufacturer will release the technical programming information to
the general public without you (or anyone) having to sign your life
away. A good guide for the likelihood of getting documentation
(or, if you aren't writing code, the likelihood that someone
else will write that driver you really, really need) is the
availability of the Crynwr (nee Clarkson) packet driver. Russ
Nelson runs this operation, and has been very helpful in supporting
the development of drivers for Linux. Net-surfers can try this
URL to look up Russ' software.
Russ Nelson's Packet Drivers
Given the documentation, you can write a driver for
your card and use it for Linux (at least in theory).
Keep in mind that some old hardware that was designed for XT type
machines will not function very well in a multitasking
environment such as Linux. Use of these will lead to major
problems if your network sees a reasonable amount of traffic.
Most cards come with drivers for MS-DOS interfaces such as
NDIS and ODI, but these are useless for Linux. Many people
have suggested directly linking them in or automatic
translation, but this is nearly impossible. The MS-DOS
drivers expect to be in 16 bit mode and hook into `software
interrupts', both incompatible with the Linux kernel. This
incompatibility is actually a feature, as some Linux drivers
are considerably better than their MS-DOS counterparts. The
`8390' series drivers, for instance, use ping-pong transmit
buffers, which are only now being introduced in the MS-DOS world.
(Ping-pong Tx buffers means using at least 2 max-size
packet buffers for Tx packets. One is loaded while the card
is transmitting the other. The second is then sent as soon
as the first finished, and so on. In this way, most cards
are able to continuously send back-to-back packets onto
the wire.)
OK. So you have decided that you want to write a driver for the
Foobar Ethernet card, as you have the programming information,
and it hasn't been done yet. (...these are the two main
requirements ;-) You should start with the skeleton
network driver that is provided
with the Linux kernel source tree. It can be found in the file
/usr/src/linux/drivers/net/skeleton.c in all recent kernels.
Also have a look at the Kernel Hackers Guide, at the
following URL:
KHG
Here are some notes on the functions that you would have to
write if creating a new driver. Reading this in conjunction
with the above skeleton driver may help clear things up.
Probe
Called at boot to check for existence of card. Best if it
can check un-obtrsively by reading from memory, etc. Can
also read from I/O ports. Initial writing to I/O ports in a probe
is not good as it may kill another device.
Some device initialization is usually done here (allocating
I/O space, IRQs,filling in the dev->??? fields etc.)
You need to know what io ports/mem the card can be
configured to, how to enable shared memory (if used)
and how to select/enable interrupt generation, etc.
Interrupt handler
Called by the kernel when the card posts an interrupt.
This has the job of determining why the card posted
an interrupt, and acting accordingly. Usual interrupt
conditions are data to be rec'd, transmit completed,
error conditions being reported. You need to know
any relevant interrupt status bits so that you can
act accordingly.
Transmit function
Linked to dev->hard_start_xmit() and is called by the
kernel when there is some data that the kernel wants
to put out over the device. This puts the data onto
the card and triggers the transmit. You need to
know how to bundle the data and how to get it onto the
card (shared memory copy, PIO transfer, DMA?) and in
the right place on the card. Then you need to know
how to tell the card to send the data down the wire, and
(possibly) post an interrupt when done.
When the hardware can't accept additional packets it should set
the dev->tbusy flag. When additional room is available, usually
during a transmit-complete interrupt, dev->tbusy should be cleared
and the higher levels informed with mark_bh(INET_BH)
.
Receive function
Called by the kernel interrupt handler when the card reports
that there is data on the card. It pulls the data off
the card, packages it into a sk_buff and lets the
kernel know the data is there for it by doing a
netif_rx(sk_buff). You need to know how to enable
interrupt generation upon Rx of data, how to check any
relevant Rx status bits, and how to get that data off the
card (again sh mem, PIO, DMA, etc.)
Open function
linked to dev->open and called by the networking layers
when somebody does ifconfig eth0 up
- this
puts the device on line and enables it for Rx/Tx of
data. Any special initialization incantations that were
not done in the probe sequence (enabling IRQ generation, etc.)
would go in here.
Close function (optional)
This puts the card in a sane state when someone
does ifconfig eth0 down
.
It should free the IRQs and DMA channels if the hardware permits,
and turn off anything that will save power (like the transceiver).
Miscellaneous functions
Things like a reset function, so that if things go south,
the driver can try resetting the card as a last ditch effort.
Usually done when a Tx times out or similar. Also a function
to read the statistics registers of the card if so equipped.
If you are interested in working on drivers for 3Com cards,
you can get technical documentation from 3Com. Cameron has
been kind enough to tell us how to go about it below:
3Com's Ethernet Adapters are documented for driver writers
in our `Technical References' (TRs). These manuals describe
the programmer interfaces to the boards but they don't talk
about the diagnostics, installation programs, etc that end
users can see.
The Network Adapter Division marketing department has the
TRs to give away. To keep this program efficient, we
centralized it in a thing called `CardFacts.' CardFacts is
an automated phone system. You call it with a touch-tone
phone and it faxes you stuff. To get a TR, call CardFacts
at 408-727-7021. Ask it for Developer's Order Form,
document number 9070. Have your fax number ready when you
call. Fill out the order form and fax it to 408-764-5004.
Manuals are shipped by Federal Express 2nd Day Service.
There are people here who think we are too free with the
manuals, and they are looking for evidence that the system
is too expensive, or takes too much time and effort.
So far, 3Com customers have been really good about
this, and there's no problem with the level of requests
we've been getting. We need your continued cooperation and
restraint to keep it that way.
The AMD LANCE (Local Area Network Controller for Ethernet)
was the original offering, and has since been replaced by
the `PCnet-ISA' chip, otherwise known as the 79C960.
Note that the name `LANCE'
has stuck, and some people will refer to the new chip by the old
name. Dave Roberts of the Network Products Division of AMD was kind
enough to contribute the following information regarding this chip:
`Functionally, it is equivalent to a NE1500. The register set
is identical to the old LANCE with the 1500/2100 architecture
additions. Older 1500/2100 drivers will work on the PCnet-ISA.
The NE1500 and NE2100 architecture is basically the same.
Initially Novell called it the 2100, but then tried to distinguish
between coax and 10BASE-T cards. Anything that was 10BASE-T only was
to be numbered in the 1500 range. That's the only difference.
Many companies offer PCnet-ISA based products, including HP,
Racal-Datacom, Allied Telesis, Boca Research, Kingston Technology, etc.
The cards are basically the same except that some manufacturers
have added `jumperless' features that allow the card to
be configured in software. Most have not. AMD offers a standard
design package for a card that uses the PCnet-ISA and many
manufacturers use our design without change.
What this means is that anybody who wants to write drivers for
most PCnet-ISA based cards can just get the data-sheet from AMD. Call
our literature distribution center at (800)222-9323 and ask for the
Am79C960, PCnet-ISA data sheet. It's free.
A quick way to understand whether the card is a `stock' card
is to just look at it. If it's stock, it should just have one large
chip on it, a crystal, a small IEEE address PROM, possibly a socket
for a boot ROM, and a connector (1, 2, or 3, depending on the media
options offered). Note that if it's a coax card, it will have some
transceiver stuff built onto it as well, but that should be near the
connector and away from the PCnet-ISA.'
A note to would-be card hackers is that different LANCE
implementations do `restart' in different ways. Some pick up
where they left off in the ring, and others start right from
the beginning of the ring, as if just initialised.
Another one of the things Donald has worked on is
implementing multicast and promiscuous mode hooks.
All of the released (i.e. not ALPHA) ISA drivers
now support promiscuous mode.
Donald writes:
`I'll start by discussing promiscuous mode, which is
conceptually easy to implement. For most hardware you
only have to set a register bit, and from then on you get
every packet on the wire. Well, it's almost that easy;
for some hardware you have to shut the board (potentially
dropping a few packet), reconfigure it, and then re-enable
the ethercard.
OK, so that's easy, so I'll move on something that's not
quite so obvious: Multicast. It can be done two ways:
- Use promiscuous mode, and a packet filter like the
Berkeley packet filter (BPF). The BPF is a pattern matching
stack language, where you write a program that picks out the
addresses you are interested in. Its advantage is that it's
very general and programmable. Its disadvantage is that there
is no general way for the kernel to avoid turning on promiscuous
mode and running every packet on the wire through every registered
packet filter. See
The Berkeley Packet Filter
for more info.
- Using the built-in multicast filter that most etherchips have.
I guess I should list what a few ethercards/chips provide:
Chip/card Promiscuous Multicast filter
----------------------------------------
Seeq8001/3c501 Yes Binary filter (1)
3Com/3c509 Yes Binary filter (1)
8390 Yes Autodin II six bit hash (2) (3)
LANCE Yes Autodin II six bit hash (2) (3)
i82586 Yes Hidden Autodin II six bit hash (2) (4)
- These cards claim to have a filter, but it's a simple
yes/no `accept all multicast packets', or `accept no
multicast packets'.
- AUTODIN II is the standard ethernet CRC (checksum)
polynomial. In this scheme multicast addresses are hashed
and looked up in a hash table. If the corresponding bit
is enabled, this packet is accepted. Ethernet packets are
laid out so that the hardware to do this is trivial -- you
just latch six (usually) bits from the CRC circuit (needed
anyway for error checking) after the first six octets (the
destination address), and use them as an index into the
hash table (six bits -- a 64-bit table).
- These chips use the six bit hash, and must have the
table computed and loaded by the host. This means the
kernel must include the CRC code.
- The 82586 uses the six bit hash internally, but it
computes the hash table itself from a list of multicast
addresses to accept.
Note that none of these chips do perfect filtering, and we
still need a middle-level module to do the final
filtering. Also note that in every case we must keep a
complete list of accepted multicast addresses to recompute
the hash table when it changes.
The general idea of the developers is
that the BPF functionality should not be provided
by the kernel, but should be in a (hopefully little-used)
compatibility library.
For those not in the know: BPF (the Berkeley Packet Filter)
is an mechanism for specifying to the kernel networking layers
what packets you are interested in. It's implemented as a
specialized stack language interpreter built into a low level
of the networking code. An application passes a program
written in this language to the kernel, and the kernel runs the
program on each incoming packet. If the kernel has multiple
BPF applications, each program is run on each packet.
The problem is that it's difficult to deduce what kind of
packets the application is really interested in from the packet
filter program, so the general solution is to always run the
filter. Imagine a program that registers a BPF program to
pick up a low data-rate stream sent to a multicast address.
Most ethernet cards have a hardware multicast address filter
implemented as a 64 entry hash table that ignores most unwanted
multicast packets, so the capability exists to make this a very
inexpensive operation. But with the BPF the kernel must switch
the interface to promiscuous mode, receive _all_ packets, and
run them through this filter. This is work, BTW, that's very
difficult to account back to the process requesting the packets.
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ÀÌ ¹®¼´Â Paul Gortmaker¿¡°Ô ÀúÀÛ±ÇÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. Copyright (c) 1993-1997
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¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¸¸ÀÏ ÀÌ ±Û¿¡¼ ¿ÀŸ³ª, ¾Æ´Ï¸é öÁö³ Á¤º¸µéÀ» ã¾Æ³»°Ô µÇ¸é, e-mailÀ» º¸³»
Áֱ⠹ٶõ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¸Å¿ì Å©°í, ÀüüÀûÀ¸·Î º¸±â´Â ½±´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¼öÁ¤ÇÑ °ÍÀ» º¸³Â´Â
µ¥, ´ÙÀ½ ¹öÀü¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¸é, ÁÖÀú¸»°í ´Ù½Ã º¸³»±æ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. ±×°Ç ¾Æ¸¶µµ ³»°¡ ¹ÞÀº
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Thanks!
Paul Gortmaker, p_gortmaker@yahoo.com