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Linuxdoc Sgml/Process-Accounting

¸®´ª½º¿¡¼­ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ Åë°è¸¦ ¾ò´Â ¹æ¹ý

¸®´ª½º¿¡¼­ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ Åë°è¸¦ ¾ò´Â ¹æ¹ý

ÀúÀÚ: Albert M. C. Tam( bertie@scn.org)

¸¶Áö¸· °»½Å: 1997³â 8¿ù 8ÀÏ ±Ý¿äÀÏ 09:25:58 HKT ¿ªÀÚ: ¹Ú¹Î¼®( mpark@correl4.snu.ac.kr) ¹ø¿ªÀÏ: 1999³â 2¿ù 17ÀÏ ¼ö¿äÀÏ
¸Ó¸´¸»: ÀÌ ¹®¼­ÀÇ ÀúÀÛ±Ç(copyleft)Àº Albert M. C. Tam( bertie@scn.org)¿¡°Ô ÀÖ´Ù. ¸ðµç »çº»°ú ºÎ¼Ó ¹®¼­¿¡ ÀúÀÚ ¹× ÆíÁýÀÚÀÇ À̸§°ú º» ÁÖÀÇ»çÇ×ÀÌ µé¾îÀÖ´Â ÇÑ, Áï ÀÌ ¹®¼­¸¦ º¯Á¶ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ÇÑ, »ó¾÷ÀûÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀº ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ ¹®¼­¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í º¹»ç ¹× ¹èÆ÷ÇÒ Çã°¡±ÇÀ» ÁØ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹®¼­°¡ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶ó¸é¼­ ¹èÆ÷ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¸í½ÃÀûÀÌ°Ç ¾Ï¹¬ÀûÀÌ°Ç ¾î¶² º¸Àåµµ ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ÀÌ ¹®¼­¿¡ ±âÀçµÈ Á¤º¸ÀÇ Á¤È®¼ºÀ» ±âÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ ³ë·ÂÀ» ´ÙÇϱâ´Â ÇßÁö¸¸, ÀúÀÚ³ª ÆíÁýÀÚ, °ü¸®ÀÚ´Â ½Ç¼ö³ª, ¿©±â ±âÀçµÈ Á¤º¸¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ °á°ú·Î ÀÔÀº ¼ÕÇØ µî¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾î¶² Ã¥ÀÓµµ Áú ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ÀÌ ¹®¼­´Â ¸®´ª½º È£½ºÆ®¿¡¼­ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ Åë°è¸¦ ¾ò´Â ¹æ¹ý°ú ±×¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ¸í·ÉÀÇ »ç¿ë¹ýÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù. Ä¿³Î ¹öÁ¯ 1.3.73 º¸´Ù ÀÌÈÄÀÇ Ä¿³ÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í °¡Á¤Çϱâ·Î ÇÑ´Ù. (ÃÖ±Ù ·¹µåÇÞ 4.1ÀÇ 2.0.27 Ä¿³Î¿¡¼­ ½ÃÇèµÇ¾ú´Ù. -> ¿ªÀÚÁÖ: 1999³â 2¿ù ÇöÀçÀÇ Ä¿³ÎÀº 2.2.1 ¹öÁ¯ÀÌ´Ù.) 1.3.73 ÀÌÀüÀÇ Ä¿³ÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º Åë°è¸¦ ¾²±â À§Çؼ­ ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ Çؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ¿À·ù³ª ´©¶ôµÈ Á¡À» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù¸é ¸Á¼³ÀÌÁö ¸»°í bertie@scn.org·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁֱ⠹ٶõ´Ù. ¾î¶² ³»¿ëÀÌ°Ç È¯¿µÇÑ´Ù.

1. ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º Åë°è(Process Accounting)¶õ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?

ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º Åë°è¶õ ¸®´ª½º¿¡¼­ ¼öÇàµÈ ¸í·ÉµéÀ» ¿ä¾àÇÏ°í ±â·ÏÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ¿äÁòÀÇ ¸®´ª½º Ä¿³ÎÀº ¼öÇàµÈ ¸í·É°ú ±× ¸í·ÉÀ» ³»¸° »ç¿ëÀÚ, ¼Ò¿äµÈ CPU ½Ã°£ µîÀ» ±â·ÏÇÑ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º Åë°è¸¦ ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º Åë°è¸¦ ¾¸À¸·Î½á, ½Ã½ºÅÛ ÀÚ¿øÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ°í »ç¿ëÀÚµé »çÀÌÀÇ ÀÚ¿ø ¹èºÐÀº ¾î¶²°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Åë°è Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ½Ã½ºÅÛ ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µµµ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.

¸®´ª½º ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º Åë°èÀÇ ÇöÀç »óÅ 1.3.73 ÀÌÈÄ ¹öÁ¯ÀÇ Ä¿³Î¿¡´Â ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º Åë°è¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀÌ ÅëÇյǾî ÀÖ´Ù. À̺¸´Ù ¿À·¡µÈ Ä¿³ÎÀ» ¾²°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÆÐÄ¡´Â iguana.hut.fi/pub/linux/Kernel/process_accounting ¿¡¼­ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

¸®´ª½º ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º Åë°è¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÇÊ¿ä »çÇ×

Ä¿³Î 1.3.73 ÀÌÈÄ ¹öÁ¯ÀÇ ¸®´ª½º Ä¿³ÎÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ÇÊÀÚ´Â 2.x ¹öÁ¯ÀÇ Ä¿³ÎÀ» ±ÇÇÑ´Ù.

Ä¿³Î ¼Ò½º´Â sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/v2.0 ¿¡¼­ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º Åë°è¿ë ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ¸®´ª½º ¹èÆ÷ÆÇ¿¡ µû¶ó, ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º Åë°è¿ë ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î°¡ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ°í, ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¾ø´Ù¸é

sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/admin/quota-acct-modified.tgz ÀÇ ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ ´Ù¿î¹Þµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.

2. ¸®´ª½º ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º Åë°èÀÇ ¼³Á¤

  1. ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º Åë°è¿ë ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏ°í ¼³Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù. ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º Åë°è¿ë ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ÆÐÅ°Áö´Â sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/admin/quota-acct-modified.tgz ¿¡¼­ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
  2. ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ init ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ¹Ù²ã¼­ ºÎÆÃÇÒ ¶§ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º Åë°è¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é
            # ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º Åë°è ½ÃÀÛ.
            if [ -x /sbin/accton ]
            then
                    /sbin/accton /var/log/pacct
                    echo "Process accounting turned on."
            fi
    
    °ú °°Àº ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ³Ö´Â´Ù.
  3. ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º Åë°è ÆÄÀÏÀÎ "pacct"¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù. ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º Åë°è¿ë ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î´Â ¼öÇàµÈ ¸ðµç ¸í·ÉµéÀ» µðÆúÆ®·Î /var/log/pacct¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸¸µé·Á¸é touch /var/log/pacct ¶ó°í ÇØÁØ´Ù. ÀÌ ±â·Ï ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯ÀÚ´Â ·çÆ®¿©¾ß Çϸç, ·çÆ®¿¡°Ô´Â Àбâ-¾²±â Çã°¡±ÇÀ», ±× ¹ÛÀÇ »ç¿ëÀڵ鿡°Ô´Â Àбâ Çã°¡±ÇÀ» ÁÖµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. chown root /var/log/pacct chmod 0644 /var/log/pacct
  4. ÀçºÎÆÃ. ÀÌÁ¦ º¯°æµÈ ³»¿ëÀÌ Àû¿ëµÇµµ·Ï ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ´Ù½Ã ºÎÆÃÇÑ´Ù.

3. ¿©·¯°¡Áö ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º Åë°è ¸í·Éµé

ac

ac´Â ÇöÀçÀÇ /var/log/wtmp ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ µé¾îÀÖ´Â ·Î±×ÀÎ ¹× ·Î±×¾Æ¿ô ±â·Ï¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÀÚµéÀÇ Á¢¼Ó½Ã°£¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Åë°è¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏ·ç ´ÜÀ§ÀÇ Åë°è(-d ¿É¼Ç)³ª, »ç¿ëÀÚº° Åë°è(-p ¿É¼Ç)¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.

accton

acctonÀº ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º Åë°è¸¦ ÄÑ°í ²ô±â À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. º¸Åë ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ºÎÆÃµÉ ¶§³ª ¼Ë´Ù¿îµÉ ¶§, ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ init ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼öÇàµÈ´Ù.

last

last´Â /var/log/wtmp ÆÄÀÏÀ» Àо »ç¿ëÀÚµéÀÇ Á¢¼Ó½Ã°£¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.

sa

sa´Â Åë°è ±â·Ï ÆÄÀÏÀÎ /var/account/pacct(¿ªÀÚÁÖ:/var/log/pacctÀÏ µí)¿¡ ÀûÈù Åë°è Á¤º¸µé, Áï ÀÌÀü¿¡ ¼öÇàµÈ ¸í·Éµé, ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾îÀÇ ÀÔÃâ·Â ¼öÇà½Ã°£, CPU ½Ã°£ µîÀ» ¿ä¾àÇÑ´Ù.

lastcomm

lastcommÀº /var/account/pacct¿¡ ±â·ÏµÈ ¸ðµç ¸í·É ³»¿ª¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.

4. ¹ø¿ªÀÚÀÇ Ãß°¡ »çÇ×

¹ø¿ªÀÚ°¡ ¾²°í ÀÖ´Â ·¹µåÇÞ ¹èÆ÷ÆÇ 5.2ÀÇ °æ¿ì, ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º Åë°è °ü·Ã ¸í·ÉÀº psacct¶ó´Â ÆÐÅ°Áö¿¡ µé¾îÀÖ´Ù. ¹ø¿ªÀÚÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ¼³Ä¡µÈ ³»¿ªÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.


[<url url="maelto: mpark@mulli mpark" name="mpark@mulli mpark" >]$ rpm -qil psacct
Name        : psacct                      Distribution: Manhattan 
Version     : 6.3                               Vendor: Red Hat Software
Release     : 5                             Build Date: Mon 17 Aug 1998 04:34:07 AM KST
Install date: Sun 27 Dec 1998 08:16:39 AM KST      Build Host: porky.redhat.com
Group       : Utilities/System              Source RPM: psacct-6.3-5.src.rpm
Size        : 82423                            License: GPL
Packager    : Red Hat Software <<url url="maelto: bugs@redhat.com" name=" bugs@redhat.com" >>
Summary     : Process accounting tools
Description :
The tools necessary for accounting the activities of processes are
included here.
/sbin/accton
/usr/bin/ac
/usr/bin/lastcomm
/usr/info/accounting.info.gz
/usr/man/man1/ac.1
/usr/man/man1/lastcomm.1
/usr/man/man8/accton.8
/usr/man/man8/sa.8
/usr/sbin/accton
/usr/sbin/dump-acct
/usr/sbin/dump-utmp
/usr/sbin/sa
/var/log/pacct
/var/log/savacct
/var/log/usracct

ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º Åë°è¸¦ pacct ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀúÀåÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇϸé, ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀº ¸í·É¾î »ç¿ëºóµµ¿¡ ºñ·ÊÇؼ­ ±Ý¹æ Ä¿Áö°Ô µÈ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ logrotate¿Í cronÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇؼ­ °ü¸®ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. cronÀº ¹é¾÷°ú °°ÀÌ ÁÖ±âÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÇÇàÇÏ´Â ¸í·ÉµéÀ» ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ó¸®Çϵµ·Ï ÇØÁÖ´Â µµ±¸·Î, ¼³Á¤ ³»¿ëÀº ·¹µåÇÞÀÇ °æ¿ì /etc/crontab¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. logrotate´Â log ÆÄÀϵéÀ» ÁÖ±âÀûÀ¸·Î °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â µµ±¸´Ù. ÁöÁ¤µÈ Áֱ⿡ ¸ÂÃç¼­ °¢°¢ÀÇ log ÆÄÀϵéÀÇ À̸§À» ¹Ù²Ù°Å³ª, ¾ÐÃàÇϰųª »èÁ¦ÇÑ´Ù. º¸Åë /etc/cron.daily¿¡ logrotate¶ó´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ µÎ¾î /usr/sbin/logrotate¸¦ /etc/logrotate.conf¶ó´Â ¼³Á¤¿¡ ¸ÂÃç ¸ÅÀÏ ½ÇÇàÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ pacct¸¦ °ü¸®ÇÏ·Á¸é /etc/logrotate.conf¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¥ log¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³Á¤À» Âü°íÇÏ¿© Àû´çÈ÷ /var/log/pacct¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç׸ñÀ» logrotate.conf¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.




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